Paleontology is facing an ethical crisis related to its long history of extractive practices, including a practice now referred to as ‘parachute science.’ In this paper, I provide diagnostic criteria for identifying parachute science and illustrate them using the high-profile example of a Brazilian dinosaur fossil, Irritator challengeri, acquired by a German museum under dubious conditions. I use this case study to identify three types of harm resulting from parachute science, showing how they can be understood as a case of distributive epistemic injustice. I conclude by using this framework to point toward more ethical paleontological practices.

In the United States, in the second half of the nineteenth century, the reforming institutions of the horse-drawn-carriage trade prescribed descriptive geometry to their workshops in order to modernize the drawing process for modern carriages. This injunction, institutionally supported by the builder’s national association, professional newspapers, and education, was part of a wider movement to organize production at a time when the carriage trade was booming. In order to facilitate the circulation of theoretical knowledge within workshops that were reluctant to mathematize their environment, two trade journals translated, in the space of a few years, and on three occasions (once by one journal and twice by the other), the same French treatise on descriptive geometry written by a Parisian carriage woodworker. This paper highlights the process of creation of a mathematical translation in a professional environment. It emphasizes the significant role of the industrial and technical context that influenced the choice of translators, the writing style, and the speed with which a translation was produced and published. In the case of mathematical content that did not belong to the common culture of the trade, international circulation allowed for the direct transfer of knowledge from one national industry to another, without relying on academic sources as intermediaries.

The mandible is crucial for human physiological functions, as well as facial esthetics and expressions. The mandibular reconstruction surgery has dual challenges of restoration of both facial form and physiological function, which demands high precision in positioning and orientation of the bone graft. The traditional manual surgery heavily relies on surgeon’s experience. Although the computer image-guided surgery improves the positioning accuracy, the manual manipulation is still difficult to achieve precise spatial orientation of objects, resulting in unsatisfactory intraoperative execution of preoperative surgical design. This paper integrates computer image navigation and robotic technology to assist mandible reconstruction surgery, which empowers surgeons to achieve precise spatial localization and orientation adjustment of bone grafts. The kinematic analysis is conducted, and an improved Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm is proposed for spatial registration. A novel hand-eye calibration method for multi-arm robot and spatial registration of free bone blocks are proposed. The precision experiment of the image-guided navigation and the animal experiments are carried out. The impact of registration point numbers on spatial registration accuracy is analyzed. The results show the feasibility of the robot-assisted navigation for mandibular reconstruction surgery. The robotic system can improve the orientation accuracy of bone blocks to enhance the effectiveness of surgery.

The signals and consequences of, and currently overall eco-socio-cultural inadequate responses to, the pressing climate and biodiversity crises of the Anthropocene foster a landscape of repression, hopelessness and anxiety among many, not least young people. As young people today seem to primarily encounter dystopian future narratives, this article tells a story about how playing an open-ended, solarpunk, character-driven cli-fi tabletop roleplaying game together with young people might nurture non-dystopic engagements. Designed as both a research and educational playspace, the game invites participants to become co-researchers and co-narrators engaged in imagining life-friendly futures, attempting to push the boundaries of environmental and sustainability education research. In conversation with the theoretical inspirations of the game — post-Anthropocene pedagogy, climate literacy research and SF multispecies storytelling — the article discusses insights from the first prototype playtests. When the game flows, it produces engagements with speculative futures and understandings of hope’s relational and complex character. When it halts, it reveals challenges around participation, social context and setting, pointing to directions for further research and game alterations.

The taxonomic status of Sphincteristomum Oshmarin, Mamaev & Parukhin, 1961 (sensu lato) and Lobatotrema Manter, 1963 is controversial due to overlap/confusion in distinctive diagnostic characteristics for each genus and morphological/allometric ambiguity among some of their representatives and/or within records of the same species. To address these in-depth, morphological descriptions, molecular characterizations, and species delimitation analyses were conducted using a combination of comparative morphology, molecular phylogeny, multivariate analyses, and host-parasite data. Following a comprehensive review, a refined restricted concept of Sphincteristomum and Lobatotrema is proposed. Representatives of Lobatotrema comprise Lobatotrema aniferum Manter, 1963 (sensu lato) and the morphologically/phylogenetically distinct Lobatotrema droneni n. sp. Representatives of Sphincteristomum (sensu stricto) include Sphincteristomum acollum Oshmarin, Mamaev & Parukhin, 1961, and Sphincteristomum nikolaevi Parukhin, 1970. The taxonomic status of Sphincteristomum mediterraneae Abid-Kachour, Mouffok & Boutiba, 2013 is problematic based on its intermediate taxonomic position between the Megaperinae Manter, 1934 and the Schistorchiinae Yamaguti, 1942. Molecular datasets are employed in an attempt to delineate and interpret more phylogenetic relationships among schistorchiines in light of differences in oral sucker nature, oral sucker shape, and oral sphincter shape. Distributions of schistorchiines in the Indo-West Pacific are discussed. Testes arrangement as a characteristic in this group and glandular components within a muscular oral sucker are presented. We comment on the close phylogenetic relationship between members of the Schistorchiinae and the Megaperinae.

International criminal law constitutes the culmination of the ‘anti-impunity agenda’ within international law, policy, and practice. This agenda, often advanced under the rallying cry of ‘never again’ – a pledge to never let atrocities like those of the Second World War happen again to anyone – is driven by the conviction that criminal sanctions are essential for fulfilling this promise and conveying collective condemnation of such horrors. This results in what we term the ‘penal accountability paradigm’ in relation to atrocities: positioning punishment at the forefront of the prevention of, and justice and accountability for, atrocities. This paper examines some of the damaging implications of this paradigm within and beyond international criminal law, particularly its distorting effects on responses to ongoing atrocities in Palestine. We suggest that, in the context of these ongoing atrocities, the framing of punishment as justice harms the ‘never again’ promise in several important ways: (i) it gives states the (undue) benefit of the doubt; (ii) it decontextualizes, individualizes, and exceptionalizes atrocities; (iii) it monopolizes discourses of accountability and condemnation, while sanitizing the suppression of dissenting voices; and (iv) it lends support to retaliatory impulses, distorting the discourse around the legitimate or lawful use of force in response to atrocities. We conclude by outlining the need to turn to more diverse and materially informed words, tools, and paradigms for naming, preventing, and standing in solidarity against abuses, in Palestine and elsewhere, that go beyond penal responses and directly engage with broader political and ethical conceptions of justice.

In this paper we show that the rank of the normal function function of the genus $g$ Ceresa cycle over the moduli space of curves has the maximal rank possible, $3g-3$ , provided that $g\ge 3$. In genus 3 we show that the Green–Griffiths invariant of this normal function is a Teichmüller modular form of weight $(4,0,-1)$ and use this to show that the rank of the Ceresa normal function is exactly 1 along the hyperelliptic locus. We also introduce new techniques and tools for studying the behaviour of normal functions along and transverse to boundary divisors. These include the introduction of residual normal functions and the use of global monodromy arguments to compute them.

This article explores multispecies climate fiction as a mode of inquiry that speculates-with other-than-humans. To explore cli-fi’s potential in research, I position speculative fiction in the field of research-creation, a praxis that combines artistic exploration with scholarly inquiry. Adopting a research-creation approach, I wrote the multispecies cli-fi story Canopy of the Hidden Alley. The story emerged from the Multispecies City Lab project, a participatory research project that invited participants to imagine multispecies life in urban areas affected by climate change. I engaged creatively with the research findings of the Multispecies City Lab project, using participants’ imaginaries as a proposition to write the cli-fi story. In this article, the story Canopy of the Hidden Alley is presented alongside methodological reflections on speculative fiction and research-creation, as well as theoretical conceptualizations of what it means to speculate-with other-than-humans in climate fiction. This article discusses the potentiality of speculative fiction as a form of research-creation, demonstrating how creative writing enabled deeper engagement with issues of identity and positionality, social and relational hierarchies and the interplay of multiple temporalities, which guided toward new understandings of multispecies entanglements in the context of climate change and speculative climate futures.

The global C0 linearization theorem on Banach spaces was first proposed by Pugh [26], but it requires that the nonlinear term is globally bounded. In the present paper, we discuss global linearization of semilinear autonomous ordinary differential equations on Banach spaces assuming that the linear part is hyperbolic (including contraction as a particular case) and that the nonlinear term is only Lipschitz with a sufficiently small Lipschitz constant. To overcome the difficulties arising in this problem, in this paper, we rely on a splitting lemma to decouple the hyperbolic system into a contractive system along the stable manifold and an expansive system along the unstable manifold. We then construct a transformation to linearize a contractive/expansive system, which is defined by the crossing time with respect to the unit sphere. To demonstrate the strength of our result, we apply our results to a nonlinear Duffing oscillator without external excitation.

This article examines the representation of climate as hyperobject — described by Timothy Morton as something that is “massively distributed in time and space relative to humans” (Morton (2013) Hyperobjects: Philosophy and ecology after the end of the world. University of Minnesota Press, p. 1) — in fantastique genres (inclusive of fantasy, speculative and science fiction, horror, supernatural and New Weird genres) that arguably characterised climate fiction’s beginnings. By positioning such climate fictions within “the literature of the impossible” (Boucher (2024) The specificity of fantasy and the “affective novum”: A theory of a core subset of fantasy literature. Literature, 4(2), 101–121), I investigate the difference between what might be considered more speculative climate fictions and the increasingly common, more realist and literary cli-fi narratives. In other words, I discuss what, now, is the “use” of the speculative and the fantastic in climate fiction when climate crisis itself is indeed real and far from “impossible.” Discussing N.K. Jemisin’s fantasy series The Broken Earth (2015–2017) and Jeff VanderMeer’s horror/New Weird series Southern Reach (2014–2024), I argue that “climate-fantastic” novels are well-positioned to narrativise climate change as a hyperobject due to the ability of speculative, fantastic genres to exceed the limitations of Western-capitalist-colonial storytelling practices. I also consider the role of speculative climate fictions in education, including the importance of reading, studying and writing into the speculative alongside the realist when it comes to climate crisis.

This essay begins by reviewing the theoretical debates within literary-critical “ecocriticism” over what Paul J. Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer termed the “anthropocene” and what Jason Moore terms the “capitalocene.” It explains how those debates are implicated in recent climate fiction, which Daniel Bloom dubs “cli-fi.” These debates have direct implications for the possibilities and prospects for environmental education, insofar as both “high” literature and “popular” fiction remain important objects of educational practice. The essay proceeds to a critical account of the climate fictions of the Californian science fiction writer Kim Stanley Robinson, arguably the leading contemporary Anglophone cli-fi writer, whose work regularly features in environmental education programmes.

We introduce a novel unsteady shear protocol, which we name rotary shear (RS), where the flow and vorticity directions are continuously rotated around the velocity-gradient direction by imposing two out-of-phase oscillatory shears (OSs) in orthogonal directions. We perform numerical simulations of dense suspensions of rigid non-Brownian spherical particles at volume fractions ($\phi$) between 0.40 and 0.55, subject to this new RS protocol, and compare with the classical OS protocol. We find that the suspension viscosity displays a similar non-monotonic response as the strain amplitude ($\gamma _0$) is increased: a minimum viscosity is found at an intermediate, volume-fraction-dependent strain amplitude. However, the suspension dynamics is different in the new protocol. Unlike the OS protocol, suspensions under RS do not show absorbing states at any $\gamma _0$ and do not undergo the reversible–irreversible transition: the stroboscopic particle dynamics is always diffusive, which we attribute to the fact that the RS protocol is inherently irreversible due to its design. To validate this hypothesis, we introduce a reversible-RS (RRS) protocol, a combination of RS and OS, where we rotate the shear direction (as in RS) until it is instantaneously reversed (as in OS), and find the resulting rheology and dynamics to be closer to OS. Detailed microstructure analysis shows that both the OS and RRS protocols result in a contact-free, isotropic to an in-contact, anisotropic microstructure at the dynamically reversible-to-irreversible transition. The RS protocol does not render such a transition, and the dynamics remains diffusive with an in-contact, anisotropic microstructure for all strain amplitudes.