We study the effect of time-varying disagreement of professional forecasters on the transmission of monetary policy in Korea, which has transitioned from an emerging to an advanced economy. We find that high levels of disagreement interfere with the transmission of monetary policy and, hence, weaken monetary policy effects. However, under low levels of disagreement, a monetary policy shock elicits textbook-like responses of inflation, expected inflation, and real activity. The findings are consistent with the view that disagreement affects the role of the signaling channel of monetary transmission relative to the conventional transmission channel. We also show that the dependance of the transmission on the level of disagreement remains intact even after controlling for time-varying monetary policy uncertainty and considering the shifts in the Bank of Korea’s inflation target type.

The use of observational methodology has become increasingly more common in psychological research, highlighting the need for tools that ensure methodological rigor. This study presents evidence of convergent/discriminant validity for the Methodological Quality Scale for Studies Based on Observational Methodology (MQSOM). A multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) analysis with Spearman’s correlations was used to examine the relationship between MQSOM dimensions and those of three instruments: the Methodological Rigor in Mixed Methods (MRMM), the Guidelines for Reporting Evaluations Based on Observational Methodology (GREOM), and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Ninety-six articles were coded using MQSOM and the instruments for comparison. The MQSOM’s design converged with the MRMM’s mixed-methods design (ρ = .217, p = .034), GREOM’s design (ρ = .217, p = .034), and MMAT’s qualitative (QUAL) component (ρ = .212, p = .038). The MQSOM’s measurement and analysis aligned with MRMM’s data analysis (ρ = .611, p < .001), GREOM’s data quality control (ρ = .423, p < .001) and results (ρ = .328, p = .001), and MMAT’s quantitative (QUANT) (ρ = .214, p = .037) and mixed-methods (ρ = .643, p < .001) components. MQSOM’s design exhibited discriminant validity from MRMM’s data collection (ρ = .025, p = .807) and data analysis (ρ = −.051, p = .620), GREOM’s data quality control (ρ = .025, p = .812) and results (ρ = −.032, p = .759), and MMAT’s QUANT component (ρ = −.035, p = .733). This study reinforces the validity of MQSOM as a useful methodological quality scale.

This study assesses the sustainability of agricultural practices in Western Newfoundland by evaluating the technical, allocative, cost, scale, and environmental efficiencies of 15 local farms using data envelopment analysis. The findings reveal that while most farms demonstrated high technical efficiency (average score: 95%), notable inefficiencies persist in the allocative, cost, and environmental efficiency dimensions. Key issues include labor inefficiency, chemical fertilizer overuse, and suboptimal farm scale, whereas effective land management and quality seed use were identified as major drivers of productivity. A detailed case study highlights a farm achieving full efficiency across all metrics through sustainable practices such as no-dig methods, permaculture, rainwater harvesting, and composting, demonstrating how regenerative strategies can enhance both economic and ecological performance. The study also uses stepwise regression to identify education, farm experience, and farm type as significant factors influencing efficiency outcomes. These results underscore the potential for targeted interventions, technology adoption, and policy support to improve farm performance and advance sustainable agriculture in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. By integrating multidimensional efficiency metrics, this research provides actionable insights for optimizing resource use, reducing environmental impact, and strengthening the resilience of regional agrifood systems.

Experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics of turbulent spots formed in transitional boundary layers developed over a flat plate and an axisymmetric cone placed in similar hypersonic free-stream environment of Mach number 5.85. The free-stream unit Reynolds number in the present work varied in the range of $(3.0{-}6.0)\times 10^6$ m−1. Heat transfer measurement along the surface of both the test models was used to ascertain the state of boundary layer and to calculate the intermittency associated with the transitional boundary layer. Turbulent spots generated in the transitional boundary layer were characterised in terms of their leading–trailing-edge velocities, their streamwise length scales and their generation rates on both the test models. The leading edge of the turbulent spots developed over both the test models were found to be convecting at a speed equivalent to 90 % of the boundary layer edge speed. The trailing edge of the spots developed on a planar boundary layer traversed at a lower speed than its axisymmetric counterpart. Streamwise length scales of a turbulent spot developed in a planar boundary layer grew at a higher rate when compared with the axisymmetric boundary layer. Turbulent spot generation rates for both planar and axisymmetric boundary layers was found to be in the range of $10\,00\,000{-}30\,00\,000$ spots m−1/s−1.

How does the threat of a dominant ally withdrawing affect public attitudes toward defense spending and defense cooperation in alliances? Despite extensive literature on foreign policy attitudes, we lack research that causally examines this pivotal question in a realistic setting. Addressing this gap, we utilize the novel circumstances surrounding the coin-toss 2024 US presidential election to test how the unprecedented uncertainty of the US commitment to NATO affects public attitudes toward defense in allied countries. Using a preregistered survey experiment in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Germany, we investigate how an uncertain election defined by contrasting candidate rhetoric influenced European public opinion in an era of renewed Russian military threats. We find that US threats of withdrawal made respondents significantly more willing to spend on defense, and less willing to support continued defense cooperation in NATO. We demonstrate that threats of withdrawal also increased the public’s preference for national security autonomy, and explore whether declining confidence in NATO allies explains this effect. By inciting fears of abandonment, threats of withdrawal create concrete consequences not only for defense spending preferences, but also the types of cooperation that allies may pursue in lieu of the dominant ally’s commitment.

Business management education is increasingly making use of artificial intelligence as an emerging technology that will lead to major societal changes in learning and knowledge endeavours. This editorial article focuses on the link between business management and artificial intelligence as an enabler of social policy changes. This means considering the history of artificial intelligence and how business management education has evolved in recent years. By doing so, it encourages more focus on creative uses of social policy in terms of discussion about educational initiatives. This is helpful in gaining more insight into the novel and entrepreneurial ways business management education can embed artificial intelligence and improve overall learning outcomes.

The New Prometheans is divided into four sections. Section I, “The new political quadrilateral,” reviews the formation of a new quadrilateral in the United States: right-wing neoliberals, white evangelicals, Trumpian fascists, and rich tech bros. Each folds to some degree into the priorities and ethos of the others to form a larger resonance machine. It is also unstable. Section II, “Dreamscapes of the tech bros,” explores more closely the existential priorities, rage against death, crude understandings of intelligence, and economic patterns of insistence of the tech bros, focusing on quotations from figures such as Marc Andressen, Elon Musk, and Jeff Bezos. After advancing a preliminary critique, Section III, “Steps toward an alternative onto-cosmology,” presents alternative images of nonhuman modes of production, the porosity of knowledge, the element of creative responsiveness in thinking, the ubiquity of events, and the exploration of timescapes. These provide better ways to challenge and displace the shallow and cruel images of human mastery, smartness, computer brain uploads, time, and capitalist expansion. Critique is important but never enough. Finally, in Section IV, we look at how earthbound, entangled humanists can offer an alternative to the dreamscape of escape to Mars.