One of the daunting issues in Indian democracy is the complex relationship between the state and tribes. The relationship is known for its integration policy and affirmative action, which is the largest in the world; on the other hand, it is marred by dispossession, contravention of tribal rights, and sometimes state-sponsored violence. Tribes have diverse experiences of the Indian state, which significantly reflect their histories and traditions. To begin with, the founders of the Indian Constitution held backwardness and isolation from mainstream society as characteristics of tribes. However, those communities designated as Scheduled Tribes by the Constitution included communities that once were what anthropologists call a state society. The idea of a tribe in the post-independence period has become more complex as some ethnic communities associated with dynasties and states in the past are demanding tribal status. This development in the present has come at the cost of ethnic conflicts, intractable identity politics, and overstretched affirmative action policies. This article delves into the contestation of tribality in India, examining the relationship between tribe and state.

This article examines the paradox of the humanities: they are simultaneously denigrated while non-humanities disciplines utilize (and champion) the very skills that are considered uniquely cultivated by a humanities education. My examination reveals that with the fissure between the humanities and other disciplines, knowledge about what the humanities do—and thus contribute to education in other fields—continues to diminish, furthering the cycle of marginalizing the humanities while also benefitting from them without attribution. I consider a time when a humanities education explicitly played a crucial role in the development of leaders, especially in business, because of the role the humanities played in the cultivation of analytical skills and the development of good judgement. I use this examination to consider what this lost connection means not only for the development of leaders but also for realizing the significant role that the humanities play across the professions and in our universities. The pedagogical role of the humanities in its development of analytical ability and judgment is crucial to public life from the flourishing of the business world to the lives we lead living with each other as fellow citizens.

Carmen Pavel has recently provided an illuminating analysis of the limits of anarchic legal orders and, by extension, current arrangements for international law (Pavel 2021). Central to her argument is an account of the structural flaws in market anarchist institutions. The current paper argues that market anarchist theorists have robust responses to at least some of Pavel’s criticisms. From the anarchist viewpoint, statist approaches to legal enforcement have problems that are at least as “structural” as those Pavel attributes to anarchism. The paper seeks to articulate this anarchist position and clarify the ways in which it complicates some of Pavel’s claims. It then offers some suggestions regarding what insights this market anarchist perspective might offer for our understanding of international law.

At the heart of P. F. Strawson’s naturalistic approach to responsibility sits the Inescapability Claim. The main argument of this article is that the established interpretation of this claim is mistaken. According to, what I will call, the Standard Reading, it is the empirical claim that it is psychologically impossible for us to abandon our responsibility practices. Although widespread, this reading lacks interpretative basis, is in conflict with other features of Strawson’s approach, and is—most strikingly—explicitly rejected by Strawson himself. In its place, I propose that we understand Strawson’s Inescapability Claim as the metaphysical claim that the concept of responsibility is among those ineliminable concepts that form the fundamental core of any conceivable conceptual scheme. The responsibility skeptic’s doubt is “idle, unreal, a pretense”, not because their doubt is psychologically inefficacious, but because it treads beyond the bounds of sense; their doubt is, in a particular sense, inconceivable or unintelligible.

This paper presents the results of recent geophysical survey work in the vicinity of the Roman town of Isurium Brigantum (Aldborough, North Yorkshire). It combines results from research projects with information from developer-funded work to assess the nature of settlement in the area at the time of the foundation of the Roman town and through the period of its use. The work confirms that there was no major pre-Roman Iron Age centre in the area at the time of Roman annexation. It does, however, provide new evidence to show that the landscape was heavily exploited and occupied by rural settlements. The evidence revealed suggests that Iron Age society in this area may have been heterarchical.

Ensiling tropical grasses presents a challenge in achieving an optimal fermentation profile, particularly when the grass possesses high nutritional value. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of additives during ensiling as a strategy to enhance the fermentation profile and nutritional quality of Zuri grass (Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Zuri) silage harvested at two regrowth ages. The tested additives were control (CT); Lactiplantibacillus pentosus strain AV 14.17 (LP); cellulase (CE); and LPCE (LP + CE). The regrowth ages were 60 and 90 days. Increased regrowth age of Zuri grass resulted in a higher fermentability coefficient but a reduced crude protein content in the fresh forage. The CE and LPCE silages exhibited lower fibre content. The crude protein content was higher and the ammonia content was lower in the CE and LPCE silages when the grass was harvested at 60 days. The pH was lower in CE and LPCE silages at both regrowth ages. Butyric acid was detected only in the CT and LP silages when the grass was harvested at 60 days. The CE and LPCE silages showed greater effective digestibility. The indigestible fraction of neutral detergent fibre was higher in silage harvested at 90 days. The addition of cellulase, alone or combined with the L. pentosus strain, effectively solubilised the fibre components, resulting in a lower pH and more effective control of undesirable microorganisms, thus improving the nutritional value. The most significant results were obtained when Zuri grass was harvested at 60 days of regrowth.

The notorious Rossi’s ‘Iron Law of Evaluation’ – that the expected net impact of any large-scale social programme is zero – reminds us that expectations about policy interventions rarely survive real-world delivery. Behavioural Public Policy (BPP) faces many implementation challenges. Implementation Science (IS), which studies how evidence-based practices are adopted, delivered and sustained, offers BPP a toolkit for overcoming the knowledge–action gap. We show how IS frameworks like CFIR (Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research) and RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) diagnose contextual barriers – leadership, workflow fit, resources – and supply metrics of fidelity, adoption, cost and sustainment. Next, we outline three hybrid trial types from IS that co-test policy impact and implementation: Type 1 emphasises behavioural effects while sampling implementation data; Type 2 balances both; Type 3 optimises implementation while tracking outcomes. Cluster-randomised and stepped-wedge roll-outs create feedback loops that enable mid-course adaptation and speed scale-up. Cases illustrate how spotting delivery slippage early averts costly failure; they reveal how early IS integration can turn isolated behavioural wins into scalable, system-wide transformations that genuinely endure long. We situate these recommendations within the literature on scalability and the ‘voltage effect’, clarifying how common drops from pilot to scale can be anticipated, diagnosed and mitigated using IS outcomes and process data.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia are leading causes of death in women, with dementia disproportionately affecting females. Both share risk factors such as type 2 and gestational diabetes. While diabetes and CVD risk factors are well studied, gaps remain in understanding dementia’s lifespan influences, sex-specific effects, and social determinants. This report advocates a convergence science approach, integrating basic, behavioral, and implementation sciences, to address these gaps. We propose a novel framework to examine shared cardiometabolic risks across the lifespan, enabling targeted early interventions to reduce dementia burden and improve heart-brain health outcomes in women.

Compliant walls made from homogeneous viscoelastic materials may attenuate the amplification of Tollmien–Schlichting waves (TSWs) in a two-dimensional boundary-layer flow, but they also amplify travelling-wave flutter (TWF) instabilities at the interface between the fluid and the solid, which may lead to a premature laminar-to-turbulent transition. To mitigate the detrimental amplification of TWF, we propose to design compliant surfaces using phononic structures that aim at avoiding the propagation of elastic waves in the solid in the frequency range corresponding to the TWF. Thus, stiff inserts are periodically incorporated into the viscoelastic wall in order to create a band gap in the frequency spectrum of the purely solid modes. Fluid–structural resolvent analysis shows that a significant reduction in the amplification peak related to TWF is achieved while only marginal deterioration in the control of TSWs is observed. This observation suggests that the control of TSWs is still achieved by the overall compliance of the wall, while the periodic inserts inhibit the amplification of TWF. Bloch analysis is employed to discuss the propagation of elastic waves in the phononic surface to deduce design principles, accounting for the interaction with the flow.

The millisecond pulsar PSR J1713$+$0747 is a high-priority target for pulsar timing array experiments due to its long-term timing stability, and bright, narrow pulse profile. In April 2021, PSR J1713$+$0747 underwent a significant profile change event, observed by several telescopes worldwide. Using the broad bandwidth and polarimetric fidelity of the Ultra-Wideband Low-frequency receiver on Murriyang, CSIRO’s Parkes radio telescope, we investigated the long-term spectro-polarimetric behaviour of this profile change in detail. We highlight the broad-bandwidth nature of the event, which exhibits frequency dependence that is inconsistent with cold-plasma propagation effects. We also find that spectral and temporal variations are stronger in one of the orthogonal polarisation modes than the other and observe mild variations ($\sim 3$ – $5\,\sigma$ significance) in circular polarisation above 1 400 MHz following the event. However, the linear polarisation position angle remained remarkably stable in the profile leading edge throughout the event. With over three years of data post-event, we find that the profile has not yet recovered back to its original state, indicating a long-term asymptotic recovery, or a potential reconfiguration of the pulsar’s magnetic field. These findings favour a magnetospheric origin of the profile change event over a line-of-sight propagation effect in the interstellar medium.

Let $W_{\mathrm {aff}}$ be an extended affine Weyl group, $\mathbf {H}$ be the corresponding affine Hecke algebra over the ring $\mathbb {C}[\mathbf {q}^{\frac {1}{2}}, \mathbf {q}^{-\frac {1}{2}}]$, and J be Lusztig’s asymptotic Hecke algebra, viewed as a based ring with basis $\{t_w\}$. Viewing J as a subalgebra of the $(\mathbf {q}^{-\frac {1}{2}})$-adic completion of $\mathbf {H}$ via Lusztig’s map $\phi $, we use Harish-Chandra’s Plancherel formula for p-adic groups to show that the coefficient of $T_x$ in $t_w$ is a rational function of $\mathbf {q}$, with denominator depending only on the two-sided cell containing w, and dividing a power of the Poincaré polynomial of the finite Weyl group. As an application, we conjecture that these denominators encode more detailed information about the failure of the Kazhdan-Lusztig classification at roots of the Poincaré polynomial than is currently known.

Along the way, we show that upon specializing $\mathbf {q}=q>1$, the map from J to the Harish-Chandra Schwartz algebra is injective. As an application of injectivity, we give a novel criterion for an Iwahori-spherical representation to have fixed vectors under a larger parahoric subgroup in terms of its Kazhdan-Lusztig parameter.

Large numbers of relative periodic orbits (RPOs) have been found recently in doubly periodic, two-dimensional Kolmogorov flow at moderate Reynolds numbers ${\textit{Re}} \in \{40, 100\}$. While these solutions lead to robust statistical reconstructions at the ${\textit{Re}}$ values where they were obtained, it is unclear how their dynamical importance changes with ${\textit{Re}}$. Arclength continuation on this library of solutions reveals that large numbers of RPOs quickly become dynamically irrelevant, reaching dissipation values either much larger or smaller than the values typical of the turbulent attractor at high ${\textit{Re}}$. The scaling of the high-dissipation RPOs is shown to be consistent with a direct connection to solutions of the unforced Euler equation, and is observed for a wide variety of states beyond the ‘unimodal’ solutions considered in previous work (Kim & Okamoto, Nonlinearity vol. 28, 2015, p. 3219). However, the weakly dissipative states have properties indicating a connection to exact solutions of a forced Euler equation. The dynamical irrelevance of many solutions leads to poor statistical reconstruction at higher ${\textit{Re}}$, raising serious questions for the future use of RPOs for estimating probability densities. Motivated by the Euler connection of some of our RPOs, we also show that many of these states can be well described by exact relative periodic solutions in a system of point vortices. The point vortex RPOs are converged via gradient-based optimisation of a scalar loss function which (i) matches the dynamics of the point vortices to the turbulent vortex cores and (ii) insists the point vortex evolution is itself time-periodic.

Despite a heavy philosophical focus on issues pertaining to immigration, little discussion is taken up that examines the duties we owe to migrant children. This article works to bridge the gap between global justice literature and work on children’s autonomy and well-being. To capture what migrant children experience in the context of immigration and detention, the article examines the conditions on the island country of Nauru, where at least 222 migrant children experienced detention between the years of 2013 and 2019. Using this lived experience as an example, the article argues that we owe children specific positive duties, which are further supported by the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Throughout this article, the aim is to indicate how migrant children occupy a particularly vulnerable and nonautonomous status in the context of detention. Because of this, children are owed especially weighty positive duties that are not discussed in the current global justice literature.

This paper considers two supercritical branching processes with immigration in different random environments, denoted by $\{Z_{1,n}\}$ and $\{Z_{2,m}\}$, with criticality parameters µ1 and µ2, respectively. Under certain conditions, it is known that $\frac{1}{n} \log Z_{1,n} \to \mu_1$ and $\frac{1}{m} \log Z_{2,m} \to \mu_2$ converge in probability as $m, n \to \infty$. We present basic properties about a central limit theorem, a non-uniform Berry–Esseen’s bound, and Cramér’s moderate deviations for $\frac{1}{n} \log Z_{1,n} - \frac{1}{m} \log Z_{2,m}$ as $m, n \to \infty$. To this end, applications to construction of confidence intervals and simulations are also given.

Linear state space models provide a useful framework for investigating phenotypic evolution in fossil lineages for a wide variety of models representing Brownian motion, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, and the potential influence of environmental covariates. A state space framework also provides access to residuals for the predicted and observed values at each time point as well as improved numerical stability. We illustrate the value of the state space approach by reanalyzing a classic dataset of trait evolution in the diatom lineage Stephanodiscus yellowstonensis. A series of increasingly complex models were fit to these data, including a novel modification of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model in which a trait tracks an exogenous covariate. These model results suggest that the number of spines on the periphery of the diatom is best explained by adaptation to changing solar insolation over time.