We construct large Salem sets avoiding patterns, complementing previous constructions of pattern avoiding sets with large Hausdorff dimension. For a (possibly uncountable) family of uniformly Lipschitz functions $\{f_i:(\mathbb{T}^d)^{n-2} \to \mathbb{T}^d \}$, we obtain a Salem subset of $\mathbb{T}^d$ with dimension $d/(n-1)$ avoiding nontrivial solutions to the equation $x_n-x_{n-1} = f_i(x_1,...,x_{n-2})$. For a countable family of smooth functions $\{f_i: (\mathbb{T}^d)^{n-1} \to \mathbb{T}^d \}$ satisfying a modest geometric condition, we obtain a Salem subset of $\mathbb{T}^d$ with dimension $d/(n-3/4)$ avoiding nontrivial solutions to the equation $x_n= f(x_1,...,x_{n-1})$. For a set $Z \subset \mathbb{T}^{dn}$ which is the countable union of a family of sets, each with lower Minkowski dimension $s$, we obtain a Salem subset of $\mathbb{T}^d$ of dimension $(dn-s)/(n-1/2)$ whose Cartesian product does not intersect $Z$ except at points with non-distinct coordinates.

We study the Hilbert space obtained by completing the space of all smooth and compactly supported functions on the real line with respect to the Hermitian form arising from the Weil distribution under the Riemann hypothesis. It turns out that this Hilbert space is isomorphic to a de Branges space by a composition of the Fourier transform and a simple map. This result is applied to state new equivalence conditions for the Riemann hypothesis in a series of equalities.

We consider the nonlocal differential equation

\begin{equation*}-A\left(\int_0^1b(1-s)\big(u(s)\big)^{p(s)}\ ds\right)u''(t)=\lambda f\big(t,u(t)\big)\text{, }t\in(0,1),\end{equation*}

which is a one-dimensional Kirchhoff-like equation with a nonlocal convolution coefficient. The novelty of our work involves allowing a variable growth term in the nonlocal coefficient. By relating the variable growth problem to a constant growth problem, we are able to deduce the existence of at least one positive solution to the differential equation when equipped with boundary data. Our methodology relies on topological fixed point theory. Because our results treat both the convex and concave regimes, together with both the variable growth and constant growth regimes, our results provide a unified framework for one-dimensional Kirchhoff-type problems.

We strengthen known results on Diophantine approximation with restricted denominators by presenting a new quantitative Schmidt-type theorem that applies to denominators growing much more slowly than in previous works. In particular, we can handle sequences of denominators with polynomial growth and Rajchmann measures exhibiting arbitrary slow decay, allowing several applications. For instance, our results yield non-trivial lower bounds on the Hausdorff dimensions of intersections of two sets of inhomogeneously well-approximable numbers (each with restricted denominators) and enable the construction of Salem subsets of well-approximable numbers of arbitrary Hausdorff dimension.

In this article, for general curves $(t,\gamma (t))$ satisfying some suitable curvature conditions, we obtain some $L^p(\mathbb {R})\times L^q(\mathbb {R}) \rightarrow L^r(\mathbb {R})$ estimates for the bilinear fractional integrals $H_{\alpha ,\gamma }$ along the curves $(t,\gamma (t))$, where

$$ \begin{align*}H_{\alpha,\gamma}(f,g)(x):=\int_{0}^{\infty}f(x-t)g(x-\gamma(t))\,\frac{\textrm{d}t}{t^{1-\alpha}}\end{align*} $$

$\alpha \in (0,1)$

$L^p(\mathbb {R})\rightarrow L^q(\mathbb {R})$

$I_{\alpha ,\gamma }$

$(t,\gamma (t))$

$$ \begin{align*}I_{\alpha,\gamma}f(x):=\int_{0}^{\infty}\left|f(x-\gamma(t))\right|\,\frac{\textrm{d}t}{t^{1-\alpha}}.\end{align*} $$

It is shown that the Fourier sine transform, $\mathcal{F}_S [f(t)](\omega )$ on $\mathbb {R}_0^+$, of any given real-valued function $f(t)$ that does not vanish at $t=0$ or has a nonvanishing even-order derivative at $t=0$, has a definite sign at least for $\omega> \omega _0$, where $\omega _0$ can be estimated. Similarly, the cosine transform, $\mathcal{F}_C [f(t)](\omega )$, of functions with a nonvanishing odd-order derivative at zero also has a definite sign for sufficiently large $\omega $. Several examples are given.

By methods of harmonic analysis, we identify large classes of Banach spaces invariant of periodic Fourier multipliers with symbols satisfying the classical Marcinkiewicz type conditions. Such classes include general (vector-valued) Banach function spaces Φ and/or the scales of Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces defined on the basis of Φ.

We apply these results to the study of the well-posedness and maximal regularity property of an abstract second-order integro-differential equation, which models various types of elliptic and parabolic problems arising in different areas of applied mathematics. In particular, under suitable conditions imposed on a convolutor c and the geometry of an underlying Banach space X, we characterize the conditions on the operators A, B, and P on X such that the following periodic problem

\begin{equation*}\partial P \partial u + B \partial u + {A} u + c \ast u = f \qquad \textrm{in } {\mathcal D}'({\mathbb{T}}; X)\end{equation*}

is well-posed with respect to large classes of function spaces. The obtained results extend the known theory on the maximal regularity of such problem.

We enrich the class of power-constructible functions, introduced in [CCRS23], to a class $\mathcal {C}^{\mathcal {M,F}}$ of algebras of functions which contains all complex powers of subanalytic functions and their parametric Mellin and Fourier transforms, and which is stable under parametric integration. By describing a set of generators of a special prepared form, we deduce information on the asymptotics and on the loci of integrability of the functions of $\mathcal {C}^{\mathcal {M,F}}$. We furthermore identify a subclass $\mathcal {C}^{\mathbb {C},\mathcal {F}}$ of $\mathcal {C}^{\mathcal {M,F}}$, which is the smallest class containing all power-constructible functions and stable under parametric Fourier transforms and right-composition with subanalytic maps. This class is also stable under parametric integration, under taking pointwise and $\text {L}^p$-limits and under parametric Fourier-Plancherel transforms. Finally, we give a full asymptotic expansion in the power-logarithmic scale, uniformly in the parameters, for functions in $\mathcal {C}^{\mathbb {C},\mathcal {F}}$.

This paper focuses on the fundamental aspects of super-resolution, particularly addressing the stability of super-resolution and the estimation of two-point resolution. Our first major contribution is the introduction of two location-amplitude identities that characterize the relationships between locations and amplitudes of true and recovered sources in the one-dimensional super-resolution problem. These identities facilitate direct derivations of the super-resolution capabilities for recovering the number, location, and amplitude of sources, significantly advancing existing estimations to levels of practical relevance. As a natural extension, we establish the stability of a specific $l_{0}$ minimization algorithm in the super-resolution problem.

The second crucial contribution of this paper is the theoretical proof of a two-point resolution limit in multi-dimensional spaces. The resolution limit is expressed as

$$\begin{align*}\mathscr R = \frac{4\arcsin \left(\left(\frac{\sigma}{m_{\min}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}} \right)}{\Omega} \end{align*}$$

${\frac {\sigma }{m_{\min }}}{\leqslant }{\frac {1}{2}}$

${\frac {\sigma }{m_{\min }}}$

${\mathrm {SNR}}$

$\Omega $

${\frac {\pi }{\Omega }}$

$2$

${\mathscr {R}}$

In loving memory of my beloved miniature dachshund Maddie (16 March 2002 – 16 March 2020). We consider nonlocal differential equations with convolution coefficients of the form

\[{-}M\Big(\big(a*(g\circ |u|)\big)(1)\Big)u''(t)=\lambda f\big(t,u(t)\big),\quad t\in(0,1), \]

$g$

$M$

$M$

$f$

This paper concerns the $L^4$ norm of Littlewood polynomials on the unit circle which are given by

$$ \begin{align*}q_n(z)=\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\pm z^k;\end{align*} $$

$\{-1,1\}$

$$ \begin{align*}||q_n||_4^4=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi}|q_n(e^{i\theta})|^4 d\theta.\end{align*} $$

$||q_n||_4/\sqrt {n}\rightarrow \sqrt [4]{2}$

$n\to \infty $

Let $\{b_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty }$ be a sequence of integers larger than 1. We will study the harmonic analysis of the equal-weighted Moran measures $\mu _{\{b_n\},\{{\mathcal D}_n\}}$ with ${\mathcal D}_n=\{0,1,2,\ldots ,q_n-1\}$, where $q_n$ divides $b_n$ for all $n\geq 1.$ In this paper, we first characterize all the maximal orthogonal sets of $L^2(\mu _{\{b_n\},\{{\mathcal D}_n\}})$ via a tree mapping. By this characterization, we give some sufficient conditions for the maximal orthogonal set to be an orthonormal basis.

In this article, we study the recent development of the qualitative uncertainty principle on certain Lie groups. In particular, we consider that if the Weyl transform on certain step-two nilpotent Lie groups is of finite rank, then the function has to be zero almost everywhere as long as the nonvanishing set for the function has finite measure. Further, we consider that if the Weyl transform of each Fourier–Wigner piece of a suitable function on the Heisenberg motion group is of finite rank, then the function has to be zero almost everywhere whenever the nonvanishing set for each Fourier–Wigner piece has finite measure.

The main purpose of this paper is to prove Hörmander’s $L^p$–$L^q$ boundedness of Fourier multipliers on commutative hypergroups. We carry out this objective by establishing the Paley inequality and Hausdorff–Young–Paley inequality for commutative hypergroups. We show the $L^p$–$L^q$ boundedness of the spectral multipliers for the generalised radial Laplacian by examining our results on Chébli–Trimèche hypergroups. As a consequence, we obtain embedding theorems and time asymptotics for the $L^p$–$L^q$ norms of the heat kernel for generalised radial Laplacian.

We prove convergence in norm and pointwise almost everywhere on $L^p$, $p\in (1,\infty )$, for certain multi-parameter polynomial ergodic averages by establishing the corresponding multi-parameter maximal and oscillation inequalities. Our result, in particular, gives an affirmative answer to a multi-parameter variant of the Bellow–Furstenberg problem. This paper is also the first systematic treatment of multi-parameter oscillation semi-norms which allows an efficient handling of multi-parameter pointwise convergence problems with arithmetic features. The methods of proof of our main result develop estimates for multi-parameter exponential sums, as well as introduce new ideas from the so-called multi-parameter circle method in the context of the geometry of backwards Newton diagrams that are dictated by the shape of the polynomials defining our ergodic averages.

In this paper, we mainly investigate the well-posedness of the four-order degenerate differential equation ($P_4$): $(Mu)''''(t) + \alpha (Lu)'''(t) + (Lu)''(t)$ $=\beta Au(t) + \gamma Bu'(t) + Gu'_t + Fu_t + f(t),\,( t\in [0,\,2\pi ])$ in periodic Lebesgue–Bochner spaces $L^p(\mathbb {T}; X)$ and periodic Besov spaces $B_{p,q}^s\;(\mathbb {T}; X)$, where $A$, $B$, $L$ and $M$ are closed linear operators on a Banach space $X$ such that $D(A)\cap D(B)\subset D(M)\cap D(L)$ and $\alpha,\,\beta,\,\gamma \in \mathbb {C}$, $G$ and $F$ are bounded linear operators from $L^p([-2\pi,\,0];X)$ (respectively $B_{p,q}^s([-2\pi,\,0];X)$) into $X$, $u_t(\cdot ) = u(t+\cdot )$ and $u'_t(\cdot ) = u'(t+\cdot )$ are defined on $[-2\pi,\,0]$ for $t\in [0,\, 2\pi ]$. We completely characterize the well-posedness of ($P_4$) in the above two function spaces by using known operator-valued Fourier multiplier theorems.

We discuss how countable subadditivity of operators can be derived from subadditivity under mild forms of continuity, and provide examples manifesting such circumstances.

Let $\mathcal {F}$ denote the set of functions $f \colon [-1/2,1/2] \to \mathbb {R}_{\geq 0}$ such that $\int f = 1$. We determine the value of $\inf _{f \in \mathcal {F}} \| f \ast f \|_2^2$ up to a $4 \cdot 10^{-6}$ error, thereby making progress on a problem asked by Ben Green. Furthermore, we prove that a unique minimizer exists. As a corollary, we obtain improvements on the maximum size of $B_h[g]$ sets for $(g,h) \in \{ (2,2),(3,2),(4,2),(1,3),(1,4)\}$.