We consider the spectra of the Laplacians of two sequences of fractal graphs in the context of the general theory introduced by Sabot in 2003. For the sequence of graphs associated with the pentagasket, we give a description of the eigenvalues in terms of the iteration of a map from (ℂ2)3 to itself. For the sequence of graphs introduced in a previous paper by the author, we show that the results found therein can be related to Sabot's theory.

We study conical density properties of general Borel measures on Euclidean spaces. Our results are analogous to the previously known result on the upper density properties of Hausdorff and packing-type measures.

It is well known that an exponential real function, which is Lebesgue measurable (Baire measurable, respectively) or bounded on a set of positive Lebesgue measure (of the second category with the Baire property, respectively), is continuous. Here we consider bounded on ‘big’ set solutions of an equation generalizing the exponential equation as well as the Goła̧b–Schinzel equation. Moreover, we unify results into a more general and abstract case.

On the boundary of a Galton-Watson tree we can define the visibility measure by splitting mass equally between the children of each vertex, and the branching measure by splitting unit mass equally between all vertices in the nth generation and then letting n go to infinity. The multifractal structure of each of these measures is well studied. In this paper we address the question of a joint multifractal spectrum, i.e. we ask for the Hausdorff dimension of the boundary points which simultaneously have an unusual local dimension for both these measures. The resulting two-parameter spectrum exhibits a number of surprising new features, among them the emergence of a swallowtail-shaped spectrum for the visibility measure in the presence of a nontrivial condition on the branching measure.

We find the almost-sure Hausdorff and box-counting dimensions of random subsets of self-affine fractals obtained by selecting subsets at each stage of the hierarchical construction in a statistically self-similar manner.

Given a metrizable locally convex-solid Riesz space of measurable functions we provide a procedure to construct a minimal Fréchet (function) lattice containing it, called its Fatou completion. As an application, we obtain that the Fatou completion of the space L1(ν) of integrable functions with respect to a Fréchet-space-valued measure ν is the space L1w(ν) of scalarly ν-integrable functions. Further consequences are also given.

A characterization of Banach spaces possessing the weak Radon–Nikodým property is given in terms of finitely additive interval functions. Due to that characterization several Banach space valued set functions that are only finitely additive can be represented as integrals.

Some classical examples in vector integration due to Phillips, Hagler and Talagrand are revisited from the point of view of the Birkhoff and McShane integrals.

Let Xi be transient βi-stable processes on ℝdi, i=1,2. Assume further that X1 and X2 are independent. We shall find the exact Hausdorff measure function for the product sets R1(1)×R2(1), where . The result of Hu generalizes [Some fractal sets determined by stable processes, Probab. Theory Related Fields100 (1994), 205–225].

A reverse iterated function system is defined as a family of expansive maps {T1,T2,…,Tm} on a uniformly discrete set . An invariant set is defined to be a nonempty set satisfying F=⋃ j=1mTj(F). A computation method for the dimension of the invariant set is given and some questions asked by Strichartz are answered.

Let Cr[0,t] be the function space of the vector-valued continuous paths x:[0,t]→ℝr and define Xt:Cr[0,t]→ℝ(n+1)r by Xt(x)=(x(0),x(t1),…,x(tn)), where 0<t1<⋯<tn=t. In this paper, using a simple formula for the conditional expectations of the functions on Cr[0,t] given Xt, we evaluate the conditional analytic Feynman integral Eanfq[Ft∣Xt] of Ft given by where θ(s,⋅) are the Fourier–Stieltjes transforms of the complex Borel measures on ℝr, and provide an inversion formula for Eanfq[Ft∣Xt]. Then we present an existence theorem for the solution of an integral equation including the integral equation which is formally equivalent to the Schrödinger differential equation. We show that the solution can be expressed by Eanfq[Ft∣Xt] and a probability distribution on ℝr when Xt(x)=(x(0),x(t)).

We introduce the spaces Vℬp(X) (respectively 𝒱ℬp(X)) of the vector measures ℱ:Σ→X of bounded (p,ℬ)-variation (respectively of bounded (p,ℬ)-semivariation) with respect to a bounded bilinear map ℬ:X×Y →Z and show that the spaces Lℬp(X) consisting of functions which are p-integrable with respect to ℬ, defined in by Blasco and Calabuig [‘Vector-valued functions integrable with respect to bilinear maps’, Taiwanese Math. J. to appear], are isometrically embedded in Vℬp(X). We characterize 𝒱ℬp(X) in terms of bilinear maps from Lp′×Y into Z and Vℬp(X) as a subspace of operators from Lp′(Z*) into Y*. Also we define the notion of cone absolutely summing bilinear maps in order to describe the (p,ℬ)-variation of a measure in terms of the cone-absolutely summing norm of the corresponding bilinear map from Lp′×Y into Z.

In this paper, a fourth moment bound for partial sums of functionals of strongly ergodic Markov chains is established. This type of inequality plays an important role in the study of the empirical process invariance principle. This inequality is specially adapted to the technique of Dehling, Durieu, and Volný (2008). The same moment bound can be proved for dynamical systems whose transfer operator has some spectral properties. Examples of applications are given.

We introduce a class of stochastic processes in discrete time with finite state space by means of a simple matrix product. We show that this class coincides with that of the hidden Markov chains and provides a compact framework for it. We study a measure obtained by a projection on the real line of the uniform measure on the Sierpinski gasket, finding that the dimension of this measure fits with the Shannon entropy of an associated hidden Markov chain.

It is well known that an orientation-preserving homeomorphism of the plane without fixed points has trivial dynamics; that is, its non-wandering set is empty and all the orbits diverge to infinity. However, orbits can diverge to infinity in many different ways (or not) giving rise to fundamental regions of divergence. Such a map is topologically equivalent to a plane translation if and only if it has only one fundamental region. We consider the conservative, orientation-preserving and fixed point free Hénon map and prove that it has only one fundamental region of divergence. Actually, we prove that there exists an area-preserving homeomorphism of the plane that conjugates this Hénon map to a translation.

In this article a collection of random self-similar fractal dendrites is constructed, and their Hausdorff dimension is calculated. Previous results determining this quantity for random self-similar structures have relied on geometrical properties of an underlying metric space or the scaling factors being bounded uniformly away from 0. However, using a percolative argument, and taking advantage of the tree-like structure of the sets considered here, it is shown that conditions such as these are not necessary. The scaling factors of the recursively defined structures in consideration form what is known as a multiplicative cascade, and results about the height of this random object are also obtained.

This paper investigates new properties concerning the multifractal structure of a class of random self-similar measures. These measures include the well-known Mandelbrot multiplicative cascades, sometimes called independent random cascades. We evaluate the scale at which the multifractal structure of these measures becomes discernible. The value of this scale is obtained through what we call the growth speed in Hölder singularity sets of a Borel measure. This growth speed yields new information on the multifractal behavior of the rescaled copies involved in the structure of statistically self-similar measures. Our results are useful in understanding the multifractal nature of various heterogeneous jump processes.

We study the normed spaces of (equivalence classes of) Banach space-valued functions that are Dobrakov, S* or McShane integrable with respect to a Banach space-valued measure, where the norm is the natural one given by the total semivariation of the indefinite integral. We show that simple functions are dense in these spaces. As a consequence we characterize when the corresponding indefinite integrals have norm relatively compact range. On the other hand, we also determine when these spaces are ultrabornological. Our results apply to conclude, for instance, that the spaces of Birkhoff (respectively McShane) integrable functions defined on a complete (respectively quasi-Radon) probability space, endowed with the Pettis norm, are ultrabornological.

Let B (“black”) and W (“white”) be disjoint compact test sets in ℝd, and consider the volume of all its simultaneous shifts keeping B inside and W outside a compact set A ⊂ ℝd. If the union B ∪ W is rescaled by a factor tending to zero, then the rescaled volume converges to a value determined by the surface area measure of A and the support functions of B and W, provided that A is regular enough (e.g., polyconvex). An analogous formula is obtained for the case when the conditions B ⊂ A and W ⊂ AC are replaced by prescribed threshold volumes of B in A and W in AC. Applications in stochastic geometry are discussed. First, the hit distribution function of a random set with an arbitrary compact structuring element B is considered. Its derivative at 0 is expressed in terms of the rose of directions and B. An analogous result holds for the hit-or-miss function. Second, in a design based setting, different random digitizations of a deterministic set A are treated. It is shown how the number of configurations in such a digitization is related to the surface area measure of A as the lattice distance converges to zero.

In this note we generalize the following result of Sawyer [5]:

Theorem 1. There is a function ψ on ℝ such that, whenever g is a real-valued Borel measurable function on (a subset of) ℝ. × ℝn-1 with the property that y ↦ g(y, t) is C1 for a.e. t, the set

has measure zero.