In this paper we follow the approach of Bertrand–Beukers (and of Bertrand’s later work), based on differential Galois theory, to prove a very general version of Shidlovsky’s lemma that applies to Padé-approximation problems at several points, both at functional and numerical levels (that is, before and after evaluating at a specific point). This allows us to obtain a new proof of the Ball–Rivoal theorem on irrationality of infinitely many values of the Riemann zeta function at odd integers, inspired by the proof of the Siegel–Shidlovsky theorem on values of $E$-functions: Shidlovsky’s lemma is used to replace Nesterenko’s linear independence criterion with Siegel’s, so that no lower bound is needed on the linear forms in zeta values. The same strategy provides a new proof, and a refinement, of Nishimoto’s theorem on values of $L$-functions of Dirichlet characters.

Let $h(n)$ denote the largest product of distinct primes whose sum does not exceed $n$. The main result of this paper is that the property for all $n\geq 1$, we have $\log h(n)<\sqrt{\text{li}^{-1}(n)}$ (where $\text{li}^{-1}$ denotes the inverse function of the logarithmic integral) is equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis.

The ‘Borcherds products everywhere’ construction [Gritsenko et al., ‘Borcherds products everywhere’, J. Number Theory148 (2015), 164–195] creates paramodular Borcherds products from certain theta blocks. We prove that the $q$ -order of every such Borcherds product lies in a sequence $\{C_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}\}$ , depending only on the $q$ -order $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ of the theta block. Similarly, the $q$ -order of the leading Fourier–Jacobi coefficient of every such Borcherds product lies in a sequence $\{A_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}\}$ , and this is the sequence $\{a_{n}\}$ from work of Newman and Shanks in connection with a family of series for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$ . Our proofs use a combinatorial formula giving the Fourier expansion of any theta block in terms of its germ.

We show that the image of the Abel–Jacobi map admits functorially a model over the field of definition, with the property that the Abel–Jacobi map is equivariant with respect to this model. The cohomology of this abelian variety over the base field is isomorphic as a Galois representation to the deepest part of the coniveau filtration of the cohomology of the projective variety. Moreover, we show that this model over the base field is dominated by the Albanese variety of a product of components of the Hilbert scheme of the projective variety, and thus we answer a question of Mazur. We also recover a result of Deligne on complete intersections of Hodge level 1.

Let $Y$ be an abelian variety over a subfield $k\subset \mathbb{C}$ that is of finite type over $\mathbb{Q}$. We prove that if the Mumford–Tate conjecture for $Y$ is true, then also some refined integral and adelic conjectures due to Serre are true for $Y$. In particular, if a certain Hodge-maximality condition is satisfied, we obtain an adelic open image theorem for the Galois representation on the (full) Tate module of $Y$. We also obtain an (unconditional) adelic open image theorem for K3 surfaces. These results are special cases of a more general statement for the image of a natural adelic representation of the fundamental group of a Shimura variety.

We establish some supercongruences for the truncated $_{2}F_{1}$ and $_{3}F_{2}$ hypergeometric series involving the $p$ -adic gamma functions. Some of these results extend the four Rodriguez-Villegas supercongruences on the truncated $_{3}F_{2}$ hypergeometric series. Related supercongruences modulo $p^{3}$ are proposed as conjectures.

Let $G$ be a $p$ -adic group that splits over an unramified extension. We decompose $\text{Rep}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}}^{0}(G)$ , the abelian category of smooth level $0$ representations of $G$ with coefficients in $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}=\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_{\ell }$ or $\overline{\mathbb{Z}}_{\ell }$ , into a product of subcategories indexed by inertial Langlands parameters. We construct these categories via systems of idempotents on the Bruhat–Tits building and Deligne–Lusztig theory. Then, we prove compatibilities with parabolic induction and restriction functors and the local Langlands correspondence.

The author gives the analytic properties of the Rankin–Selberg convolutions of two half-integral weight Maass forms in the plus space. Applications to the Koecher–Maass series associated with nonholomorphic Siegel–Eisenstein series are given.

We prove an explicit formula for the arithmetic intersection number of diagonal cycles on GSpin Rapoport–Zink spaces in the minuscule case. This is a local problem arising from the arithmetic Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture for orthogonal Shimura varieties. Our formula can be viewed as an orthogonal counterpart of the arithmetic–geometric side of the arithmetic fundamental lemma proved by Rapoport–Terstiege–Zhang in the minuscule case.

In order to study $p$ -adic étale cohomology of an open subvariety $U$ of a smooth proper variety $X$ over a perfect field of characteristic $p>0$ , we introduce new $p$ -primary torsion sheaves. It is a modification of the logarithmic de Rham–Witt sheaves of $X$ depending on effective divisors $D$ supported in $X-U$ . Then we establish a perfect duality between cohomology groups of the logarithmic de Rham–Witt cohomology of $U$ and an inverse limit of those of the mentioned modified sheaves. Over a finite field, the duality can be used to study wildly ramified class field theory for the open subvariety $U$ .

We establish bounds for triple exponential sums with mixed exponential and linear terms. The method we use is by Shparlinski [‘Bilinear forms with Kloosterman and Gauss sums’, Preprint, 2016, arXiv:1608.06160] together with a bound for the additive energy from Roche-Newton et al. [‘New sum-product type estimates over finite fields’, Adv. Math.293 (2016), 589–605].

We show that over any field $F$ of characteristic 2 and 2-rank $n$ , there exist $2^{n}$ bilinear $n$ -fold Pfister forms that have no slot in common. This answers a question of Becher [‘Triple linkage’, Ann.$K$ -Theory, to appear] in the negative. We provide an analogous result also for quadratic Pfister forms.

We give a lower bound of the Mahler measure on a set of polynomials that are ‘almost’ reciprocal. Here ‘almost’ reciprocal means that the outermost coefficients of each polynomial mirror each other in proportion, while this pattern may break down for the innermost coefficients.

Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}\in (0,\infty ]$ be a real number. In this short note, we extend a recent result of Marques and Ramirez [‘On exceptional sets: the solution of a problem posed by K. Mahler’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.94 (2016), 15–19] by proving that any subset of $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}\cap B(0,\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C})$ , which is closed under complex conjugation and contains $0$ , is the exceptional set of uncountably many analytic transcendental functions with rational coefficients and radius of convergence $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}$ . This solves the question posed by K. Mahler completely.

This paper [1], which was published online on 1 June 2011, has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal’s Editor-in-Chief Derek Holt, the London Mathematical Society and Cambridge University Press. The retraction was agreed to prevent other authors from using incorrect mathematical results. (In this paper, we compute and verify the positivity of the Li coefficients for the Dirichlet $L$ -functions using an arithmetic formula established in Omar and Mazhouda, J. Number Theory 125 (2007) no. 1, 50–58; J. Number Theory 130 (2010) no. 4, 1109–1114. Furthermore, we formulate a criterion for the partial Riemann hypothesis and we provide some numerical evidence for it using new formulas for the Li coefficients.)

In this paper we construct a $\mathbb{Q}$-linear tannakian category $\mathsf{MEM}_{1}$ of universal mixed elliptic motives over the moduli space ${\mathcal{M}}_{1,1}$ of elliptic curves. It contains $\mathsf{MTM}$, the category of mixed Tate motives unramified over the integers. Each object of $\mathsf{MEM}_{1}$ is an object of $\mathsf{MTM}$ endowed with an action of $\text{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z})$ that is compatible with its structure. Universal mixed elliptic motives can be thought of as motivic local systems over ${\mathcal{M}}_{1,1}$ whose fiber over the tangential base point $\unicode[STIX]{x2202}/\unicode[STIX]{x2202}q$ at the cusp is a mixed Tate motive. The basic structure of the tannakian fundamental group of $\mathsf{MEM}$ is determined and the lowest order terms of a set (conjecturally, a minimal generating set) of relations are deduced from computations of Brown. This set of relations includes the arithmetic relations, which describe the ‘infinitesimal Galois action’. We use the presentation to give a new and more conceptual proof of the Ihara–Takao congruences.

Let ${\mathcal{A}}=\{a_{1}<a_{2}<\cdots \,\}$ be a set of nonnegative integers. Put $D({\mathcal{A}})=\gcd \{a_{k+1}-a_{k}:k=1,2,\ldots \}$ . The set ${\mathcal{A}}$ is an asymptotic basis if there exists $h$ such that every sufficiently large integer is a sum of at most $h$ (not necessarily distinct) elements of ${\mathcal{A}}$ . We prove that if the difference of consecutive integers of ${\mathcal{A}}$ is bounded, then ${\mathcal{A}}$ is an asymptotic basis if and only if there exists an integer $a\in {\mathcal{A}}$ such that $(a,D({\mathcal{A}}))=1$ .

The main result of this article states that the Galois representation attached to a Hilbert modular eigenform defined over $\overline{\mathbb{F}}_{p}$ of parallel weight 1 and level prime to $p$ is unramified above $p$. This includes the important case of eigenforms that do not lift to Hilbert modular forms in characteristic 0 of parallel weight 1. The proof is based on the observation that parallel weight 1 forms in characteristic $p$ embed into the ordinary part of parallel weight $p$ forms in two different ways per prime dividing $p$, namely via ‘partial’ Frobenius operators.

We use properties of the gamma function to estimate the products $\prod _{k=1}^{n}(4k-3)/4k$ and $\prod _{k=1}^{n}(4k-1)/4k$ , motivated by the work of Chen and Qi [‘Completely monotonic function associated with the gamma function and proof of Wallis’ inequality’, Tamkang J. Math.36(4) (2005), 303–307] and Mortici et al. [‘Completely monotonic functions and inequalities associated to some ratio of gamma function’, Appl. Math. Comput.240 (2014), 168–174].

For K, an imaginary quadratic field with discriminant −DK, and associated quadratic Galois character χK, Kojima, Gritsenko and Krieg studied a Hermitian Maass lift of elliptic modular cusp forms of level DK and nebentypus χK via Hermitian Jacobi forms to Hermitian modular forms of level one for the unitary group U(2, 2) split over K. We generalize this (under certain conditions on K and p) to the case of p-oldforms of level pDK and character χK. To do this, we define an appropriate Hermitian Maass space for general level and prove that it is isomorphic to the space of special Hermitian Jacobi forms. We then show how to adapt this construction to lift a Hida family of modular forms to a p-adic analytic family of automorphic forms in the Maass space of level p.