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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 June 2026
We support the proposal and advocate for greater continuity between in-the-moment moral reasoning and culturally-evolved moral norms. The target article construes culturally-evolved norms as rigid byproducts of blind selection and therefore out of scope. A more integrative account can be achieved by viewing norms as culturally-evolved joint programs that reflect a history of resource-rational reasoning by the people who learned them and passed them on.
Target article
Resource-rational contractualism: A triple theory of moral cognition
Related commentaries (27)
Altruism and normative bargaining
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Contractualist moral cognition needs a legalese-of-thought
Culturally-evolved joint programs as a bridge between social norms and in-the-moment reasoning
Delegation to legitimate authority as a resource rational mechanism
Fair contracts for artificial intelligence?
Institutions as cached computation for resource-rational negotiation
Justice, egocentrism, and resource-rational contractualism
Minds, morality, and the red hand rule: facilitating resource-rational agreement through policy
Moral cognition is contractualist, but does not work by simulating a bargaining process
Moral decision-making entails negotiation over the psychological mechanisms underlying decisions
Moral flexibility without mutual benefits: From change to disagreement
Morality is more than agreement: Negotiating justice, rights, and social inequalities
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Non-negotiable problems for a negotiation framework of morality
Outsourcing moral cognition: Delegation, diffusion of responsibility, and coalitional exclusion
Rational contractualist solutions are not perceived as moral
Reasonable social cognition
Resource-rational contractualism can also explain personal moral judgments
The challenge of moral hierarchy in resource-rational contractualism
The difference between street parking and slavery
The missing moral content in contractarian models
The third axis: partner choice
The veil and the deal: Bargaining between case-specific solutions and unknown rules
What is morality for? Contractualism versus global consequentialism and expected choiceworthiness
When consent isn’t enough: explaining third-party disapproval of consensual decisions within the contractualist framework
Author response
Agreements and disagreements with resource-rational contractualism