The maternal diet is believed to influence child neurodevelopment, at least in part, through inflammation, as dietary components can have pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. We examined the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) during pregnancy and offspring symptoms of behavioral and emotional problems at 5.5 and 10 years, using data from the French nationwide ELFE birth cohort. Dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and an E-DII score was generated. Child behavioral and emotional symptoms, (including hyperactivity-inattention, conduct, peer-relationship, and emotional problems), were evaluated by parents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at 5.5 (n=9627) and 10 years (n=8362) for: hyperactivity-inattention, conduct, peer-relationship, and emotional problems. Children were classified into three categories based on thresholds used to identify clinically relevant symptoms: “Normal”, “Borderline”, and “Atypical”. Multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. An increasing maternal E-DII score during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of offspring classified with atypical hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problem scores at 5.5 and 10 years, atypical peer-relationship problem scores at 10-years, and atypical emotional problem scores at 10 years (differentially by sex). A more proinflammatory diet during pregnancy was consistently associated with higher odds of symptoms of externalizing problems throughout childhood and with internalizing problems at 10 years. Future research should explore the mechanisms by which prenatal exposure to maternal diet-induced inflammation may contribute to these outcomes.

Although the intergenerational transmission of anxiety is well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In a community sample of mother–child dyads (N = 541; 54% male, 72% non-Hispanic White), we examined whether child behavioral inhibition (BI), a temperament characteristic that increases anxiety risk, mediated and/or moderated associations between maternal and child symptoms in early childhood. Greater maternal symptoms in infancy and at 3 years were associated with greater child symptoms at 3 years and 5 years (rs = .15–.23, ps < .01), but not with child BI at 3 years (rs = .00–.01, ps > .92). Thus, evidence for mediation was not observed. Moderation analyses revealed an interactive effect at 3 years (β = −0.13, p = .009): Among children with high BI, child symptoms were elevated regardless of maternal symptoms. Among children with moderate to low BI, greater maternal symptoms were associated with greater child symptoms. A similar pattern was observed at 5 years (β = −0.10, p = .113). Such associations were not observed when testing maternal depressive symptoms as predictor or child externalizing symptoms as outcome, supporting specificity for BI in intergenerational anxiety processes. Sex-specific effects in relation to BI were not observed. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of child BI in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety in early childhood.

In the afternoon 20 May 1916, Ernest Shackleton with Frank Worsley and Tom Crean unexpectedly arrived at the whaling station in Stromness, South Georgia after completing one of the most extraordinary journeys in the history of Antarctic exploration. There are numerous versions of what actually happened on arriving at Stromness, whom they met and what was said during this first encounter between the whalers and the explorers. There has also at times been a confusion about which whaling station and at which building they arrived. Despite the discrepancies between several accounts dealing with the Stromness arrival, there has been little explicit analysis to try to separate fact from fiction. Despite some attempts to get the records straight, books and other publications on Shackleton still appear where details on the arrival are marred by fiction. This paper, therefore, continues the search for a “sober” narrative of what happened that afternoon in South Georgia more than a hundred years ago. A main reason to revisit the questions surrounding the arrival in Stromness now is the renewed focus on the Stromness Manager’s Villa that was finally repaired and stabilised during the Antarctic summer 2025/26.

This paper examines the cultural, ecological and political dimensions of the contemporary water crisis through a curatorial and environmental humanities lens. Through the watery conceptual epoch of the Hydrocene, it highlights the work of artists and interdisciplinary practitioners whose hydro-artistic methods propose ways to realign human–water relations. Central to this analysis is the role of curatorial care, here understood as a practice of convening, holding and enabling reciprocal encounters between bodies of water, artists and communities. Bringing these diverse practices into dialogue, the paper proposes water not only as subject matter but as a potential collaborator and leaky agent. It argues that such watery approaches are vital to reshaping collective imaginaries and navigating the planetary water crisis. Extending the conceptual framework developed in the author’s monograph, this paper works with curatorial care as a situated methodology. Through a responsive roundtable bringing marine science, acoustic research and documentary filmmaking into dialogue with hydro-artistic practice, it asks how curatorial work can itself become a mode of inquiry and how artistic and cross-disciplinary water encounters might operate as forms of environmental learning beyond the classroom.

The republican conception of property developed during the American founding continues to shape contemporary legal and constitutional orders, yet its foundations and legacy remain underappreciated. This article reconstructs that tradition by showing that American republicanism understood property as a politically constituted, fiduciary entitlement oriented to public purposes. On this view, property emerges as a civil right grounded in the social compact rather than as an inherent natural right conferring absolute dominion. The article traces the nineteenth-century consolidation of an absolutist, Blackstonian conception of property and contract that, under the influence of legal formalism, increasingly depoliticized both. It further shows how legal realism and North American institutional economics disrupted this framework by recasting property as a socially constructed bundle of rights. Recovering the earlier fiduciary-republican conception, the article demonstrates its enduring normative and doctrinal significance in contemporary constitutionalism worldwide, including in eminent domain, as embedded in the social function of the property clause, and in the decommodification of labor.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has provoked polarized reactions in higher education, ranging from fears of plagiarism and the “death of the college essay” to claims of pedagogical transformation. Political science, in which writing remains central to learning, is at the center of this debate. This study advances a critical middle ground, arguing that generative AI should be treated as neither an existential threat nor a pedagogical shortcut but instead as a tool whose use must be structured around accountability, critical literacy, and equity. By synthesizing scholarship on AI in higher education, writing-as-process pedagogy, and educational inequality, this article challenges the “replacement” logic that equates writing with text production and examines the limits of framing AI as a neutral assistant. It introduces Disclose and Defend Pedagogy, a design framework that organizes pedagogical responses to AI along two dimensions—openness and accountability—and incorporates equity-aware practices related to access and language. A practice-grounded, instructor-led case study from a political science course taught in Lebanon during Spring 2025 illustrates how disclosure requirements, process-oriented assessment, and classroom dialogue made AI use visible and accountable in a resource-constrained, crisis-affected setting while also highlighting the practical limits and implementation lessons of this approach. The study concludes that Global South contexts clarify what is at stake in AI integration: safeguarding responsibility, judgment, and voice in political science writing while equipping students to use and interrogate generative tools critically under unequal conditions of access.

Two experiments were conducted for the objective of isolating and characterizing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from elephant grass and using selected strains as inoculants in elephant grass to enhance its quality as silage. A total of 156 LAB strains were identified in the different periods (0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days). The main LAB present during the fermentation period were Weissella cibaria at day 1, W. paramesenteroides at day 3, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and L. pentosus after the 7th day of fermentation. For inoculation in elephant grass, three strains (L. plantarum 28.19, L. pentosus 28.22 and Lacticaseibacillus casei 28.26) were selected. There was a significant effect of inoculant × period interaction on all silage variables analysed, except for the mould population, which was affected only by fermentation period. At the beginning of fermentation (day 1), silages inoculated with the strains L. plantarum, L. pentosus, and Lc. casei had significantly lower pH compared to the control and commercial inoculant treatments silages. The LAB population in the silages did not differ significantly during the fermentation period, except on days 1 and 7. Silages inoculated with the selected strains had significantly higher crude protein concentrations compared to the control silage. Therefore, selected strains of LAB showed promise for producing better quality elephant grass silage.

This case note comments on the preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice of the EU in Case C-526/24 Brillen Rottler v TC of 19 March 2026, which addresses the abuse of rights under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), specifically in the context of requests for access to personal data under Article 15 GDPR and compensation under Article 82 GDPR. First, the Court held that even a first access request may be regarded as “excessive” where the controller demonstrates that it was not made to be aware of the data processing and verify its lawfulness, but with an abusive intention, such as artificially creating the conditions for a compensation claim. Publicly available information showing a pattern of repeated requests and claims to different controllers may be considered in this assessment. Second, the Court confirmed that a right to compensation can arise from an infringement of the right of access. Third, it clarified that non-material damage in those cases encompasses the loss of control over the personal data or the uncertainty about its processing, provided the data subject has actually suffered such damage and has not caused it through their own conduct. This note situates the judgment within the broader framework of case law on the abuse of rights and the recent Digital Omnibus proposal, and it outlines its practical significance for balancing the protection of the data subjects with the need to safeguard controllers against illegitimate claims.

We examine the impact of temperature shocks on the saving behaviour of rural households in Ethiopia. Two rounds of survey data and time-series temperature data from Climate Engine/Terra Climate are used for this analysis. We find that the probability of household saving falls following an increase in temperature anomalies, measured by standardized deviations, and this impact is channelled through time and risk preferences. More specifically, temperature shocks increase risk-taking and impatience, both of which are linked to a reduced probability of saving. As a result, preserving long-term welfare requires the promotion of commitment-based saving instruments, including saving mechanisms with automatic deductions at harvest time. Our heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that, compared to their counterparts, poor households’ saving behaviour and those without credit access are more affected by temperature shocks. Therefore, policies aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of climate change on household financial outcomes, such as saving, should prioritize these groups.

This article analyses the implementation of emergency cash transfer policies during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in four decentralized political systems: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Spain, focusing on how different institutional capacities shaped policy effectiveness. The study examines key dimensions such as digital infrastructure, intergovernmental coordination, pre-existing social protection systems, and fiscal effort to assess the factors that determined the scope and impact of these policies. The findings suggest that state capacity was crucial in shaping outcomes: while digital infrastructure emerged as a necessary condition for effective implementation, it was not sufficient on its own. Likewise, intergovernmental coordination played a decisive role in federal systems, with cooperative governance models yielding better implementation outcomes. Using a qualitative comparative analysis, the study identifies different pathways to successful policy implementation, highlighting the importance of administrative flexibility and institutional adaptation in crisis contexts. The results contribute to the literature on state capacity and crisis governance, offering insights for designing resilient social protection systems. The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic functioned as a natural experiment that tested the limits of social policy implementation and catalysed institutional innovations, some of which could have long-term implications for welfare states in Latin America and Southern Europe.

Standard narratives of the emergence and consolidation of the Portuguese overseas empire stress the importance of decisions taken during the successive reigns of Dom João II (1481-95) and his cousin Dom Manuel (1495-1521). In this essay, I propose a different point of departure, namely one that stresses the frequently opportunistic character of Portuguese expansion. The central argument is that the Portuguese were not necessarily masters of the rhythms of their own empire. Their agency was heavily constrained by other historical actors and processes, particularly in the Islamic world, and the opportunities that these either created or closed off. Drawing on a large canvas of the transformation of European geopolitics after the death of Amir Timur in 1405, the emphasis would be on the complex struggle for hegemony in the Sunni inter-state system, especially between the Timurids, Mamluks and Ottomans, but also involving other polities such as the Aqquyunlu, the Muzaffarids (in Gujarat), and the Bahmanids (in the Deccan).

The mental lexicon is a repository of all known words and their phonological connections in long-term memory. These connectivity patterns can be visualized through phonological networks, with network metrics (degree and local clustering coefficient) having previously been observed to influence spoken word recognition. However, it remains unclear whether different dialects of a language have distinct phonological networks and whether such differences affect cross-dialect word recognition. This study compared American English (AmE-Net) and Singaporean English (SgE-Net) phonological networks on predicting word detection performance of native speakers of AmE-Net and SgE-Net for words spoken in both dialects. We hypothesized that network metrics from a participant’s dialect would better predict their spoken word recognition in their own dialect. Results were not entirely as expected: The pattern of the interaction effects suggested that the AmE-Net degree was the superior predictor for both participant groups; yet, the SgE-Net degree, but not the AmE-Net degree, was a significant predictor when words were produced by the Singaporean talker. The Singaporean mental lexicon may thus be more influenced by AmE than previously anticipated. Overall, phonological networks remain valuable for modeling dialect differences, though their predictive power may depend on listener familiarity with the dialect.