Organizational ethical culture, though widely studied, lacks conceptual clarity and precision with levels of analysis. To diagnose the specific conceptual and levels limitations, we assess the state of the science of ethical culture by analyzing 155 articles. Analysis revealed conceptual disorganization, confusion between the conceptual domain and nomological network, and imprecise treatment of levels of analysis. These limitations have resulted in downstream problems with building and testing theory; existing research is affected by unfalsifiable hypotheses, conceptual invalidity, contamination among measures, and incorrect levels-based inferences. To help overcome these limitations, we present a revised definition that integrates the dynamic model of organizational culture with the concept of ethical affordances. We present a multilevel model and describe potential interactions that determine how and under what conditions ethical culture manifests at relevant levels. We conclude with recommendations that will help future research move past these limitations.

The metrics induced on free boundary minimal surfaces in geodesic balls in the upper unit hemisphere and hyperbolic space can be characterized as critical metrics for the functionals $\Theta _{r,i}$ and $\Omega _{r,i}$, introduced recently by Lima, Menezes, and the second author. In this article, we generalize this characterization to free boundary minimal submanifolds of higher dimension in the same spaces. We also introduce some functionals of the form different from $\Theta _{r,i}$ and show that the critical metrics for them are the metrics induced by free boundary minimal immersions into a geodesic ball in the upper unit hemisphere. In the case of surfaces, these functionals are bounded from above and not bounded from below. Moreover, the canonical metric on a geodesic disk in a 3-ball in the upper unit hemisphere is maximal for this functional on the set of all Riemannian metric of the topological disk.

Over the past century, psychiatrists have neglected the importance of diet in the management of mental illness. This is especially the case in relation to mood disorders. There is now overwhelming evidence to support the view that a Mediterranean diet can play a role in the management of mood disorders. This is not in any way denying the importance of pharmacological and psychosocial strategies in the management of these disorders. Components of the Mediterranean diet not only impact brain function but also gut microbes, which are increasingly recognised as playing a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Nutrition should be a component in the curriculum of psychiatrists in training.

Theists believe in a transcendent personal creator that is maximally perfect and intervenes in the creation. Deists believe in a transcendent personal creator that is maximally perfect and does not intervene in the creation. One alleged problem for deism is that its God cannot be maximally perfect. A God that intentionally and knowingly creates a world replete with suffering and anguish yet fails to intervene to ameliorate it is not morally perfect. Thus, theism is better off than deism. I argue that the God of theism is in just as much trouble vis-à-vis omnibenevolence as the God of deism. More specifically, theistic responses to why God answers some but not all petitionary prayers either (i) show theism’s God is less than morally perfect in the same way deism’s God is alleged to be, or (ii) are likewise open to deists.

In a previous paper, we stated and motivated counting conjectures for fusion systems that are purely local analogues of several local-to-global conjectures in the modular representation theory of finite groups. Here, we verify some of these conjectures for fusion systems on an extraspecial group of order $p^3$, which contain among them the Ruiz–Viruel exotic fusion systems at the prime $7$. As a byproduct, we verify Robinson’s ordinary weight conjecture for principal p-blocks of almost simple groups G realizing such (nonconstrained) fusion systems.

Currently, quadruped robots are widely used in diverse scenarios due to their high mobility, creating a demand for more advanced interaction capabilities. This study proposes a whole-body planning and control framework that integrates adaptive control into a hierarchical model predictive control (MPC) and whole-body control (WBC) structure, enhancing the environmental adaptability and interaction performance of quadruped mobile manipulators. Key innovations include: a recursive least squares and feedforward compensation strategy for accurate end-effector force estimation; relaxed barrier functions embedded in the MPC to combine dynamic obstacle avoidance with adaptive control; and a WBC-based priority hierarchy to enforce critical constraints. Validated in Gazebo simulation and on the B1-Z1 platform, the method allows the robot to handle unknown loads up to 3 kg and maintain tracking errors under 2 cm despite 35 N external disturbances. It also demonstrates strong adaptability in non-uniform object transportation, providing a reliable solution for unstructured environments.

Over the course of his career, Karl Barth changed his mind on the extra Calvinisticum, moving from a robust early affirmation to a final rejection in the later volumes of the Church Dogmatics. This article traces that theological shift, arguing that it was not incidental but necessitated by the internal logic of Barth’s doctrine of revelation. In contrast to recent trajectories that seek to retrieve the extra in defence of divine impassibility, Barth’s rejection was grounded in a conviction that God’s being is identical with God’s act – most fully revealed in Jesus Christ. This christological pressure led Barth to revise the scope and function of the extra until it became theologically untenable. The article situates this shift within the broader historical development of the doctrine and concludes by exploring its implications for reconciliation, kenosis, and divine ontology in contemporary theology.

During World War I, national pride in France fostered solidarity and increased patriotism. However, after the war, the principles of self-determination and nationality reignited debates among young regionalists about federal reorganization in France and Europe. Federalism was seen as a way to promote peace in Europe and to protect national minorities within the state. This movement crystallized in 1927 when representatives from Alsace, Corsica, and Brittany established the Central Committee of National Minorities in France (CCMNF). The CCMNF advocated for self-determination and international federalism, suggesting that a federation of peoples could replace the modern state system. This structure would let each nationality decide its political status and cultural development. While the CCMNF marked a milestone in uniting minorities around federalist ideas, its efforts were slowed by the 1929 economic crisis and a resurgence of political tensions. This article examines the rise of regionalist federalism in 1920s France and its connection to the broader post-war discussions on self-determination. By placing this movement within the larger national debates on reorganizing the French state, it highlights federalism’s potential as a transformative framework for addressing political and cultural diversity.

In this prospective cohort study, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole direct oral challenge (DOC) for hospitalized adults reporting a low-risk sulfa antibiotic allergy was safe with 75/76 (99%) inpatients delabeled. Within 90-days of DOC, immunocompromised patients were more likely to receive trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, compared with non-immunocompromised patients (adjusted OR 5.6 95% CI 1.3, 23.0).

During the early twentieth century the rise of professional archaeology pushed the study of deep-time oral tradition into the fringes of historiography. The development of evidence-based archaeological chronologies displaced oral tradition, relying on the assumption that transmission processes include short-term limits on durability. By the end of the century, sporadic innovative partnership experiments brought together archaeological chronology and oral tradition, suggesting the need for further research. This article advances the narrative merging of oral tradition, archaeology, and genomic analysis. After surveying research on archery technology, it explores how the integrative aligning of oral tradition and archaeology can expand meaningful insights into antiquity worldwide. Although twenty-first century inquiry into deep-time oral literature unfolds in the shadowy academic fringes, perhaps such research is on the verge of professionalizing into new scholarship and a mutual enrichment of knowledge systems. Academic scholarship may someday see “prehistory” replaced by ancient human history.

The objective of this study was to compare embryonic morphokinetic parameters and clinical outcomes of two controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocols in women of advanced maternal age (AMA): Pergoveris (r-hFSH:r-hLH, 2:1 ratio) versus r-hFSH monotherapy (GONAL-f). This retrospective, non-interventional descriptive study was conducted at a private university–affiliated IVF center and included 136 ICSI cycles performed in AMA patients between March 2019 and May 2020. Patients were grouped by COS protocol (GONAL-f, n = 64; Pergoveris, n = 72), and embryo morphokinetics and ICSI outcomes were extracted from the clinic’s database; the main outcome was time to complete blastulation (tB, hours). Embryos from the Pergoveris group reached tB earlier than those from the GONAL-f group (mean 109.3 h vs 112.6 h), and all morphokinetic milestones occurred sooner with Pergoveris, alongside lower multinucleation rates at the 2-cell and 4-cell stages. Although blastocyst development was higher in the GONAL-f group, Pergoveris was associated with higher oocyte yield and maturity, higher implantation, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates, and lower miscarriage and OHSS rates; Pergoveris cycles also required higher gonadotropin doses and longer stimulation. Overall, embryos from the r-hFSH:r-hLH group exhibited faster morphokinetic timings and improved implantation and pregnancy outcomes, and prospective studies are warranted to confirm these observations.

This article is about the recent transformation of two powerful, paradoxical, and inseparable narratives of progress that developed in the postwar period: aesthetic autonomy and Holocaust remembrance. As far-right and illiberal parties have gained power across Europe, they adapted these foundational narratives of the liberal-democratic West to assert their own legitimacy and to reimagine the cultural inclinations of the European Union. This article examines how this process has taken place in the reception of Jonathan Glazer's Zone of Interest (2023) and Agnieszka Holland's Green Border (2023)—both international co-productions produced during the repressive eight-year reign of the Law and Justice Party (PiS) in Poland. A close reading of these films and their reception in different contexts, exposes a world more complicated than one-dimensional dichotomies between the liberal and the illiberal. Likewise, the reception of the two films makes apparent the entanglement of the national and transnational, as well as a process of translation and mistranslation that takes place as cultural materials move across geographical and ideological boundaries. Understanding such dynamics helps us to comprehend the options for criticism available to artists working within repressive contexts.

This work compares the use of palace diplomacy and propaganda by the rulers of Constantinople and Mexico-Tenochtitlan. It builds on studies of the cultural exchange between the Roman and Sasanian empires from the third to sixth centuries a.d., which led to a diplomatic protocol shared by these two realms. This protocol and Liudprand of Cremona’s account of diplomatic receptions are the basis for comparative analysis. Drawing on Hernando Alvarado Tezozómoc’s Crónica Mexicana and other sixteenth-century sources, this study identifies key characteristics of diplomacy in Mesoamerica. It explores how Mexico-Tenochtitlan employed palace diplomacy and propaganda from the reign of Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina to Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin. Through this analysis, we find that the diplomatic and propaganda objectives of Constantinople and Mexico-Tenochtitlan had distinct focuses. The Byzantine rulers aimed to maintain their existing empire, while the Tenochca rulers sought not only to preserve but also to expand their domain. As a result, Constantinople’s strategy emphasized palace diplomacy, whereas Mexico-Tenochtitlan’s focused more on propaganda. Despite these differences, both approaches share several similarities. Both began with invitations, and their protocols included the same components: visual (architecture, wealth, and terror), ceremonial (including aural, olfactory, gustatory, ludic, haptic, somatic, and terror elements), and diplomatic (interviews and gift exchanges).

On an Adventide Sunday in 1523, a visitor to Milan’s Duomo witnessed something unexpected. Lay congregants halted high mass by yelling at the priests, demanding that attention remain fixed on their favoured preacher. This and similar episodes are recounted in the Cronica Milanese by the shopkeeper Giovan Marco Burigozzo. Using Burigozzo’s accounts alongside overlooked evidence from the Duomo’s archives, this article traces moments when customary rituals broke down under lay intervention. Such episodes reveal how ordinary congregants experienced, contested and redirected the cathedral’s functions, reshaping the church’s sonic and liturgical space in ways that diverged from its intended purposes.