In recent years, the rapid convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and low-altitude flight technology has driven significant transformations across various industries. These advancements have showcased immense potential in areas such as logistics distribution, urban air mobility (UAM) and national defense. By adopting the AI technology, low-altitude flight technology can achieve high levels of automation and operate in coordinated swarms, thereby enhancing efficiency and precision. However, as these technologies become more pervasive, they also raise pressing ethical or moral concerns, particularly regarding privacy, public safety, as well as the risks of militarisation and weaponisation. These issues have sparked extensive debates. In summary, while the integration of AI and low-altitude flight presents revolutionary opportunities, it also introduces complex ethical challenges. This article will explore these opportunities and challenges in depth, focusing on areas such as privacy protection, public safety, military applications and legal regulation, and will propose strategies to ensure that technological advancements remain aligned with ethical or moral principles.

High intake of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGE) could induce oxidative stress, inflammation and the gut microbiota dysbiosis processes that play a major role in the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). There is limited data on the association between AGE intake and FGID. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association of AGE with FGID in Iranian adults. In a cross-sectional analysis under the framework of the Isfahan functional disorders study, data on 1892 Iranian healthy adults aged 18–65 years were examined. Participants’ dietary intakes were collected using a validated dish-based, 106-item FFQ. Dietary AGE content of seventy-two food items was measured for all participants. FGID were assessed using Rome IV criteria. In total, 38 % of subjects had one of the most prevalent upper or lower FGID. The mean of AGE intake was 14690·10 (sd 8797·25) (kU/gr). In the fully adjusted model, being in the highest v. lowest tertile of AGE intake was associated with increased odds of FGID (OR = 1·78; 95 % CI: 1·01, 3·36). In stratified analysis by sex, males in the highest tertile of AGE intake showed higher odds of FGID than those in the lowest tertile (OR = 2·15; 95 % CI: 1·04, 4·45). However, in females, the AGE intake was not significantly associated with the risk of FGID in the fully adjusted model. Higher AGE intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of FGID, particularly in men. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Natoli et al present a comprehensive higher level framework aligning dimensional personality pathology assessment with treatment delivery through a hierarchical model. Their approach integrates common therapeutic factors with trait-specific interventions, offering a promising pathway for clinical implementation. Despite strong evidence supporting the superiority of dimensional models and the field's shift towards dimensional classification, they remain largely unused in clinical practice after a decade, despite evidence of clinical utility and learnability. Although the authors’ framework demonstrates how dimensional approaches could work in practice, particularly through matching severity to treatment intensity and traits to specific interventions, healthcare systems require evidence of improved clinical outcomes before undertaking systemic change. Without controlled trials demonstrating enhanced treatment effectiveness, dimensional models risk remaining theoretically superior but practically unused. While healthcare systems remain tethered to categorical diagnostic approaches, the authors’ framework offers a practical pathway for implementing dimensional models – one that now requires testing in real-world settings.

Irenaeus has tended to be a bit player in modern narratives of the Nestorian controversy. Where the count features in accounts of the church politics of the 430s, it is as an essentially ‘secular’ figure: a conduit to the palace and supplier of coercive force for Nestorius and his Syrian episcopal allies. This article argues that Irenaeus was much more directly involved in doctrinal debate and the maintenance of ecclesiastical alliances than has been appreciated. The theological engagement and startling career shifts of this imperial count-turned-heresiarch-turned-bishop exemplify the significance of elite Christian patronage and official doctrinal engagement in 430s Constantinople.

In this study, we focus on European immigration attitudes in the perspective of deservingness perceptions and political orientation. Our data are conducted from the European Social Survey (2016) database, which contains 21 European countries and 39,400 participants. We used the multilevel method to study the relationship between immigration attitudes and deservingness perceptions. The results demonstrate that the more negative deservingness perceptions are, the more negative immigration attitudes more likely become. Moreover, country-level political orientation moderate the relationship between immigration attitudes and deservingness perceptions. Deservingness perceptions have a greater role in explaining immigration attitudes on countries with political left-context, which gives us a new perspective to understand the public debates about immigration.

We propose a family of weighted statistics based on the CUSUM process of the WLS residuals for the online detection of changepoints in a Random Coefficient Autoregressive model, using both the standard CUSUM and the Page-CUSUM process. We derive the asymptotics under the null of no changepoint for all possible weighing schemes, including the case of the standardized CUSUM, for which we derive a Darling–Erdös-type limit theorem; our results guarantee the procedure-wise size control under both an open-ended and a closed-ended monitoring. In addition to considering the standard RCA model with no covariates, we also extend our results to the case of exogenous regressors. Our results can be applied irrespective of (and with no prior knowledge required as to) whether the observations are stationary or not, and irrespective of whether they change into a stationary or nonstationary regime. Hence, our methodology is particularly suited to detect the onset, or the collapse, of a bubble or an epidemic. Our simulations show that our procedures, especially when standardising the CUSUM process, can ensure very good size control and short detection delays. We complement our theory by studying the online detection of breaks in epidemiological and housing prices series.

This paper proposes a compact coplanar waveguide-fed slot antenna for ultra-wideband wearable applications, featuring six notch bands. The antenna utilizes a flexible liquid crystal polymer substrate with a thickness of 0.1 mm. The antenna achieves six band-notched characteristics by incorporating a split concentric ring etched on the radiating patch and L-shaped branches loaded on the ground plane. The proposed flexible antenna has dimensions of 30 × 30 mm2(0.65λ0*0.65λ0,λ0 is the free space wavelength at 6.5 GHz.). Measurement results show an impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.37 to 13.7 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 134%. The notch bands cover 2.9–3.77 GHz for WiMAX applications, 4.14–4.9 GHz for the ARN band, 5.09–5.55 GHz for the WLAN downlink band, 5.86–6.46 GHz for the C-band uplink band, 6.66–7.39 GHz for the C-band/INSAT/super-extended band, and 7.93–8.43 GHz for ITU-8 GHz. The maximum gain in the operating band is 6.5 dBi. The performances of the flexible antenna are analyzed under bending conditions. The ANSYS HFSS electromagnetic simulator was used for the design and simulation of the proposed antenna. The flexible antenna is suitable for wearable applications.

This letter presents an improved analytical model for analyzing probe-fed microstrip antennas loaded by metallic vias with lumped terminations. The proposed formulation is based on the resonant cavity model and enables efficient analysis of such perturbed radiators for various types of terminations. The model is validated through the analysis of two antennas: one operating in a TM00 mode and the other with four capacitive terminations to produce circular polarization. Moreover, a reconfigurable RHCP/LHCP antenna based on the patch with capacitive terminations has been manufactured and tested, showing a broadside axial ratio below 0.5 dB at 1.575 GHz.

Measurement error undermines the accuracy of dietary intake data. The 24-h dietary recall (24HR) is the standard data collection method in nutrition surveillance. Several neurocognitive processes underpin the act of recall, and individuals differ in their performance of these processes. This study aimed to investigate whether variation in neurocognitive processes, measured using four cognitive tasks, was associated with variation in measurement error of 24HR. Participants (n 139) completed the Trail Making Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Visual Digit Span and the Vividness of Visual Imagery questionnaire. During a controlled feeding study, participants completed three technology-assisted 24HR: the Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Tool, Intake24 and an Interviewer-Administered Image-Assisted 24HR (IA-24HR) 1 week apart. The percentage error between reported and true energy intakes was calculated. Using linear regression, the association between cognitive task scores and absolute percentage error in estimated energy intake was assessed. Longer time spent completing the Trail Making Test, an indicator of visual attention and executive functioning, was associated with greater error in energy intake estimation using ASA24 (B 0·13, 95 % CI 0·04, 0·21) and Intake24 (B 0·10, 95 % CI 0·02, 0·19). Regression models explained 13·6 % (ASA24) and 15·8 % (Intake24) of the variance in energy estimation error. No cognitive task scores were associated with error using IA-24HR. This study demonstrates that variation between individuals in neurocognitive processes explains some of the variation in 24HR error. Further investigation into the role of neurocognitive processes in 24HR and their role in the reliability of dietary intake data is warranted.

What political imaginaries have existed beyond the nation-state? What might the misfitting (queer?) materials of the past—those unamenable to inclusion in narratives of national resistance—teach us about colonial and apartheid pasts? What alternatives to the colony and its contemporary forms might we imagine now? To respond to these questions, this essay assembles an archive of twentieth-century Capetonian queenliness, placing the historical Queen Elizabeth in proximity with textual renderings of the queer queens of apartheid Cape Town. A fictional, tongue-in-cheek, book review, published in Drum magazine in 1977, figures as a paradigmatic text of a mid-century popular textual genre that is animated by the sensibility that I call “camp royalist.” The critical impetus that animates camp royalism provokes us to reconsider how we represent colonial and apartheid pasts and invites us to think about possible future, nonnational, political collectivities and critiques.

For a continuous-time phase-type (PH) distribution, starting with its Laplace–Stieltjes transform, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for its minimal PH representation to have the same order as its algebraic degree. To facilitate finding this minimal representation, we transform this condition equivalently into a non-convex optimization problem, which can be effectively addressed using an alternating minimization algorithm. The algorithm convergence is also proved. Moreover, the method we develop for the continuous-time PH distributions can be used directly for the discrete-time PH distributions after establishing an equivalence between the minimal representation problems for continuous-time and discrete-time PH distributions.

We study linear random walks on the torus and show a quantitative equidistribution statement, under the assumption that the Zariski closure of the acting group is semisimple.