Three-dimensional computed tomography provides an accurate interpretation of anomalous coronary arteries and related anatomy, which helps determine the ideal surgical approach in rare cases.

Given an action by a finite quantum group $\mathbb {G}$ on a von Neumann algebra M, we prove that a number of familiar $W^*$ properties are equivalent for M and the fixed-point algebra $M^{\mathbb {G}}$ (i.e., hold or not simultaneously for the two algebras); these include being hyperfinite, atomic, diffuse, and of type I, $II$, or $III$. Moreover, in all cases, the canonical central projections of M and $M^{\mathbb {G}}$ cutting out the summand with the respective property coincide. The result generalizes its classical-$\mathbb {G}$ analog due to Jones–Takesaki.

Following the Sasanian conquest of Bactria-Tukhāristān in the third century CE, Kushan cultic traditions centred on the veneration of anthropomorphic divine images continued to thrive under the new Persian rulers. Rather than imposing aniconic Zoroastrian practices, the Sasanians actively patronised local religious customs, commissioning statues of Persian deities such as Anāhitā while incorporating Bactrian gods into their visual and ritual repertoire. Numismatic and architectural evidence reflects this synthesis: Kushano-Sasanian coinage preserves the Kushan pantheon, with deities depicted in novel forms, including enthroned figures and busts emerging from fire altars, while temples at Surkh Kotal and Dilberjin combined divine statues with the veneration of the sacred fire. The coexistence of Bactrian and Middle Persian in inscriptions suggests a broader process of cultural adaptation. The persistence of these practices under subsequent Hunnic rule, and their later diffusion into Sogdiana, demonstrates their long-term impact on the religious landscape of Central Asia. The Kushano-Sasanian period thus marks the emergence of a distinctive cultic tradition, shaped by the cultic fusion, which continued to influence the region long after the decline of Sasanian rule.

We measure pre- and post-tax income inequality in Moscow Province in 1811. We collect new data on incomes for 7,399 asset-holding households, including all registered aristocrats and merchants. We estimate the average incomes of 21 additional social groups using financial records from government and private businesses. Combining this data, we construct a social table and measure top-tier income concentration, Gini coefficient, and the Extraction Ratio. Our findings reveal that serfdom resulted in high inequality and extraction levels as well as low social mobility despite of low levels of enforcement by the state. We compare our results with those for 1904 and find that, in spite of emancipation, inequality remained high during the nineteenth century. Those findings are emblematic of deep historical roots and the persistence of high inequality levels in Russia.

The Pliocene marine mammal fauna is the best sampled and most intensely studied in the world, preserving many modern genera of cetaceans. Today, harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena Linnaeus, 1758) as well as other extant genera of odontocetes (Tursiops, Stenella, Lagenorhynchus, Physeter, Pseudorca, Globicephala) inhabit the western North Atlantic. Many similar forms were reported from the early Pliocene Yorktown Formation—except for porpoises (Phocoenidae), which are key members of modern marine ecosystems, but surprisingly absent from the fossil record in this region. Hence, there are unresolved questions concerning the dispersal and biogeography of this group. In this study, we report the first fossil Phocoenidae from the western North Atlantic, a series of four isolated periotics of Phocoena sp. from Pliocene strata near Charleston, South Carolina, USA, and describe the bony labyrinth of one of these. The periotics show several external anatomical characters diagnostic for phocoenids, and we used μCT scanning to reconstruct a three-dimensional model of the bony labyrinth to further test this interpretation. We performed 13 measurements on the model surface and compared those with a sampling of other phocoenid specimens. By assessing the taxonomic affinity of the fossils, we gain a better understanding of marine ecosystems through a dynamic interval of the Neogene and shed light on the origins and dispersal of a major odontocete clade.

This article demonstrates that Evelyn Underhill’s 1920s shift from voluntarist mysticism to christocentric participation reflects a modern Anglican retrieval of Augustine’s doctrine of grace. Drawing on her books, letters, and revisions to Mysticism, it argues that wartime disillusionment and Friedrich von Hügel’s guidance reoriented her from Neoplatonic aspiration toward divine initiative, ecclesial emphasis and christological mediation. Underhill emerges as a constructive theologian of grace whose mature outlook challenges accounts that centre religious progress in human effort, insisting instead on God’s prior action and the mediating work of Christ.

In this paper, we consider asymptotic behaviours of multiscale multivalued stochastic systems with small noises. First of all, for general, fully coupled systems for multivalued stochastic differential equations of slow and fast motions with small noises in the slow components, we prove an averaging principle in the strong convergence sense. Moreover, a convergence rate is given in a special case. Next, for these systems, we establish the large deviation principle by the weak convergence approach. Then, for a special case, the rate function is explicitly characterized. Finally, we explain our results with an example.

High-temperature short-time (HTST, 72°C, 15 s) pasteurization can be successfully used for human milk (HM) preservation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different HTST heating methods: microwave (MHTST) and standard convective (CHTST) on macronutrients, fatty acids (FAs), lactoferrin (LF), vitamin C, lysozyme (LZ), α-amylase (α-A) activity, lipid oxidation and antioxidant properties of HM. Regardless of the heating methods, the macronutrients and FA content, LZ activity and antioxidant properties of HM proved to be insensitive to HTST treatment, while the concentration of vitamin C decreased by 42.6% and 50.2%, and the activity of α-A by 6.0 and 7.2% when using MHTST and CHTST, respectively. LF content changed significantly only when CHTST was used (42.3% reduction). There were no negative effects of microwave heating under controlled conditions on the HM components. Satisfactory results regarding the impact of MHTST on HM composition and potential economic benefits suggest that this technology can be applied in HM banks to ensure adequate safety and quality.

Drawing upon a large longitudinal qualitative study on lived experiences of food aid in England, we question contemporary academic and policy categorisations and portrayals of food aid. Contrary to ideas of a diverse food aid sector offering choice and dignity, we identify clear uniformity in the language participants use to describe different forms of food charity; any organisation which offers food for free or at very low cost to take away is predominantly described as a ‘food bank’. Simultaneously, however, we find marked inequalities in lived experiences of food charity by gender, age and race and ethnicity, and clear indications that demographically oriented exclusion is ever-present in food aid. We argue that the key fault line shaping lived experiences of the UK community food sector is not the ‘type’ of provision but demography (age, gender and parenthood, race and ethnicity) and yet inequalities remain broadly ignored in discussions of UK food aid. In doing so, we provide a critical contribution to scholarship on the changing nature of welfare pluralism and the lived experience of poverty today.

This study compares postnominal finite relative clauses and their translation equivalents in a parallel corpus of German and English. Of particular interest are cases where one language, generally English, used a syntactically and semantically reduced nominal modifier instead of the finite relative. Such contrasts in language use are linked to contrasts in their grammars whereby German has been described as having a “tighter fit” in general between forms and their corresponding semantic representations and English a “looser fit.” This same typology is now seen as operating in actual usage as well, even though both languages share the same finite structure plus numerous reduced modifiers. The data presented here illustrate how the tight-fit/loose-fit typology can be extended into quantitative predictions for testing on cross-language corpora and they support a hypothesized correspondence between grammatical variation and performance variation.*

Iran is one of the most stigmatised countries of the twenty-first century: having been sanctioned by the US since 1979, the Islamic Republic was declared part of the ‘axis of evil’ by President George W. Bush in 2002, and from 2006 onwards, it has been subject to multilateral, comprehensive and wide-reaching economic sanctions. In June 2025, this discursive and economic attack on Iran transitioned to direct military bombardment. For the United States and its allies, Iran is a pariah state. This stigmatisation of Iran is an example of the kinds of practices that contribute to the social construction of the international order, whereby some countries are designated as ‘inside’ and others as ‘outside’ the community of established states. Needless to say, Iran has been placed firmly in the ‘outside’ category ever since 1979. At the same time as accepting and even at times embracing this ‘outsider’ status, however, Iran has also sought to raise its own international standing and to be accepted as an ‘insider’.

Dielectric lens antennas provide significant advantages for various radar-based applications. While an ellipsoidal geometry is often utilized due to its beneficial antenna characteristics and its point-like feed into the lens, its length and antenna reflections are drawbacks for some applications. In this work, we investigate the design of a Fresnel-based lens antenna to overcome these limitations. A quasioptical design is presented, highlighting its ability to reduce internal reflections of lens antennas. Additionally, the effects of the number of Fresnel steps and manufacturing tolerances are analyzed. Measurements validate the design and demonstrate the reduction of internal reflections by more than 13 dB, leading to an increased measurement range in a Tank Level Probing Radar scenario and a size and weight reduction of 41% and 34%, respectively.