The recovery from the Irthlingborough site of moulded architectural stone fragments from a plinth or cornice can be added to the earlier find of a sculptured slab in relief showing part of the marine thiasos, the retinue of followers of Oceanus, representing the realm of the sea. What structure this stonework was associated with is uncertain, but it may be paralleled by a similar but more extensive collection of sculptured and moulded stonework from the nearby villa site at Stanwick, where a funerary monument of some significance has been suggested. It may be that the Roman Nene valley landscape was punctuated by several structural markers reflecting the ‘monumentum’ of associated villa populations.

I present here a path for thinking differently about the archaeology of urbanization, one that is explicitly rooted in social zooarchaeology. I argue first that studies of early urbanism have failed to take into account the multispecies nature of cities. In order to develop a framework for thinking about the role of animals in urbanization, I draw on the concept of affordances. I argue that explicit engagement with animal affordances offers a means of developing a new methodological toolkit for social zooarchaeological research. I focus in particular on behavioural affordances to explain how the sociality of herds underpins the world’s first cities. A case study based on zooarchaeological analysis conducted at the site of Hamoukar in northern Mesopotamia illustrates the potential of a multispecies approach to the world’s first cities. My goal is to reinvigorate archaeological studies of urbanism and urbanization by opening up space for thinking differently about the social foundations upon which cities were built.

Investigations at Red Lodge, Suffolk, recorded a multi-period site spanning the Neolithic through to the medieval period, focusing on remains of an isolated Early Bronze Age barrow. While no associated burials survived, the monument was later incorporated into a Roman-period religious complex, being enclosed within a ditched temenos, probably in the second century. A small building interpreted to be a shrine structure was subsequently constructed alongside the barrow, the ring-ditch of which was recut around this time, suggesting its active use within this religious place. A number of structured animal deposits occupied the religious enclosure, the most notable of which comprise distinctive pig ‘head-and-hoof’ deposits in close association with the shrine. Further probable votive material was found dispersed in deposits in the immediate vicinity of the shrine and barrow. A possible pond, well and oven structure hint at other activities carried out in the enclosure, presumably allied to its religious function which continued into the late fourth century. No subsequent early Medieval land use activity was identified, though a documentary source indicates the presence of a late Medieval gallows in this vicinity, perhaps on the barrow earthwork itself. A single medieval inhumation later inserted into the top of the temenos ditch is therefore speculated to constitute an execution victim.

Despite accelerating debt levels, the real yield on U.S. Treasuries remains low due to investors’ desire for their extreme safety and liquidity services. The convenience premium on Treasuries allows fiscal policy to pursue profligate budget plans without imposing inflationary threats on a low-interest-rate monetary policy. Using a change-point vector autoregression model, I estimate the time-varying properties of U.S. inflation and fiscal stance that characterize long-term debt cycles. An archetypal debt cycle consists of alternating phases of persistent deficits and surpluses in tandem with alternating patterns of inflation and fiscal stance. I present a simple analytical model based on the fiscal theory of the price level where households have a preference for holding government bonds. When the real interest rate falls below the economy’s growth rate, permanent fiscal deficits can be sustained under passive monetary and active fiscal policy. I estimate an extended dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and find strong negative correlations between fiscal policy and bond preference shocks across all subsamples. This suggests that flight-to-safety episodes may have systematically dampened fiscal inflation over the past two decades.

Phenotypic plasticity allows parasites to modify their morphology in response to the ecological and physiological conditions induced by their hosts. In digeneans with complex life cycles and multiple definitive hosts, host-induced variation may complicate species delimitation and taxonomic diagnoses. In this study, we characterised intraspecific morphological variation in Mesorchis uruguayensis (Digenea: Echinochasmidae), a trematode that parasitises fish-eating birds, using an integrative morphological approach. Thirty-eight adult specimens previously collected from five definitive host species in Mexico and molecularly identified as M. uruguayensis were examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess qualitative diagnostic traits, and principal component analysis (PCA) based on 19 linear measurements was used to explore morphometric variation among host-associated groups. All specimens retained the characteristic head collar with 22 spines, 10 small spines along the anterior margin of the oral sucker, and a consistent general pattern of tegumental spines. The first two principal components explained 80.9% of the total morphometric variation. However, the host-associated group overlapped substantially, with some differences. Body size, the dimensions of reproductive organs, and the ventral sucker contributed most strongly to this variation. Because all specimens were molecularly conspecific, these differences represent intraspecific morphological variation rather than species-level divergence. Host identity constitutes a biologically plausible source of this variation through differences in intestinal physiology, resource availability, and other host-associated conditions; however, geographic origin, parasite maturity, infection intensity, and individual host condition may also contribute. Our findings emphasise the value of combining stable qualitative characters, morphometric analyses, and molecular evidence to interpret morphological variability and avoid taxonomic misidentification in digeneans.

Early institutional care is associated with long-lasting adverse outcomes across neurodevelopmental, cognitive, socioemotional, and physical health domains. However, less is known about how resilience emerges following this type of severe neglect. In this review, we define resilience as a descriptive inference reflected in better-than-expected adaptation following adversity among individuals exposed to comparable adversity, and we argue that progress in resilience science requires designs that can test causal mechanisms. We highlight how the randomized foster care intervention in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) provides rare causal evidence on modifiable processes that support resilience following early institutional rearing. Drawing on BEIP findings, we synthesize evidence that improving early caregiving environments leads to more favorable developmental outcomes during childhood and adolescence in multiple domains, while also illustrating that recovery is partial and not uniform across domains. We conclude with key lessons learned about resilience from the BEIP and outline future directions leveraging adult and intergenerational follow-up data to refine how resilience is defined, measured, and mechanistically explained in the context of severe early neglect. By leveraging rare experimental evidence, the BEIP provides a blueprint for identifying modifiable mechanisms through which early intervention can shape resilience across the lifespan following early adversity.

Psychotherapy is evolving in low- and middle-income countries, where expanding access must be balanced with cultural relevance. This paper examines how culturally grounded adaptations preserve theoretical fidelity while enhancing contextual responsiveness. Drawing on the 2025 World Federation for Psychotherapy Regional Meeting in Manila, three vignettes – from the Philippines, Uganda and Indonesia – illustrate how constructs such as kapwa, pakikiramdam, ubuntu and intergenerational obligation are integrated into evidence-based models. These adaptations demonstrate how core psychotherapeutic elements, particularly common factors such as alliance and empathy, are operationalised through local meaning systems while addressing structural conditions and trauma. Cultural grounding therefore extends, rather than fragments, psychotherapy’s theoretical foundations.

À partir des travaux qui proposent l’existence d’un clivage politique Écologie/Productivisme, nous analysons comment les principaux partis politiques parlent d’environnement dans deux provinces canadiennes (le Québec et la Colombie-Britannique) lors des élections provinciales depuis les années 1960. L’étude détaillée des plateformes électorales des partis politiques nous permet de faire deux contributions principales à la littérature : 1) proposer un continuum de positions qui rendent compte des projets politiques différenciés associés à des objectifs et des croyances vis-à-vis du non-humain ; et 2) montrer la valeur heuristique de penser l’existence d’un tel clivage, séparé du clivage des valeurs post-matérialistes et de son backlash, pour comprendre la place des enjeux écologiques dans la politique des provinces au Canada.

This mixed-methods study validated an environmental character education model for upper-secondary students and examined short-term score change after a Telegram-based learning programme. The qualitative phase used thematic analysis of environmental education, character education, and environmental ethics texts, followed by three Delphi rounds with 20 experts. The resulting 11-component framework informed a 76-item questionnaire administered to 384 upper-secondary students in northwestern Iran selected through multistage cluster random sampling. Factor analyses supported the 11-component structure (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) = 0.850; explained variance = 61.89%; root mean square error of approximation = 0.056), although patience and tolerance showed a weak higher-order loading. A one-month Telegram-based programme was then implemented using component-aligned persuasive statements, short stories, animations, films, music, and environmental prompts. Mean scores increased from pretest (M = 3.83, SD = 1.17) to posttest (M = 3.92, SD = 1.19), t (383) = 8.86, p < 0.001, dz = 0.45. The raw change was small and is interpreted cautiously as short-term score responsiveness rather than causal proof of character development.

This Article examines the incorporation of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) into United Nations targeted sanctions regimes within the framework of the Women, Peace and Security Agenda. Through a systematic analysis of all fifteen UN sanctions regimes currently in force, it explores how SGBV has been translated into designation criteria and operationalized in listing practice. The Article demonstrates a persistent gap between normative recognition and operational application. Indeed, SGBV-related criteria are inconsistently implemented, rarely function as autonomous grounds for designation, and remain shaped by political selectivity within Sanctions Committees. Adopting a feminist and intersectional approach grounded in international law, the Article argues that the UN sanctions system operates as a technology of governance that produces hierarchies of harm, visibility, and responsibility, determining which forms of gendered violence become sanctionable and which remain institutionally marginalized. The Article concludes by developing a reform program aimed at reducing the temporal, political-institutional, and epistemological gaps that constrain the implementation of SGBV-related sanctions, while highlighting the structural limits of sanctions within contemporary security governance.

This study explores how violence has influenced the acquisition of human remains for museum collections. A total of n=365 individuals with detailed documentation curated at the Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna (DA-NHMW) are analysed to detect and utilize specific patterns, also with the aim to make predictions about the context of violence they were acquired from. This is done by comparing historical records with skeletal markers to identify patterns linking violence in historical and osteological data. The presented research enhances the ability of the bioarchaeological community to identify violence in museum collections, especially those from countries with limited colonial activity, such as Austria. The findings will also inform ethical guidelines for museum practice at the DA-NHMW and assist curators in recognizing questionable contexts when curating human remains. Ultimately, this work will contribute to a more nuanced understanding of violence in museum collections and support ethical stewardship.

This research note extends existing knowledge on anti-pluralism among identifiers of a populist radical right party (PRRP) by investigating their sense of understanding for citizens who engage in two key forms of political violence: threatening and spreading false information about political opponents. Building on methodological advances in political science research, we estimate a series of Bayesian zero-inflated regression models using original Flemish data (N = 2,963). Results reveal a positive correlation between PRRP identity and sense of understanding. Results further indicate that this correlation diminishes with higher levels of education in the case of spreading false information, but remains equally strong in the case of threatening. This research note offers new insights into anti-pluralism among PRRP identifiers.

This paper examines Kawasaki City’s innovative cultural policy development, which strategically integrates hip hop culture into city-building initiatives. Long recognized as an industrial hub, over the last decade Kawasaki has reimagined its urban identity through youth culture and creative expression, positioning hip hop as a key driver for cultural regeneration and social cohesion. By supporting local hip hop practitioners, such as dancers, musicians, and visual artists, Kawasaki has fostered a dynamic creative ecosystem that supports arts on the periphery, linking the city’s history of progressive politics to hip hop’s iconically urban and forward-looking swagger. This article highlights key initiatives, including the International Street Festival Kawasaki and the Kawasaki Mural Art Project (KMAP), which reflect the city’s commitment to cultural inclusivity. Through the critical analysis of policy frameworks alongside first-hand and archival interviews with practitioners and government officials, this study highlights how Kawasaki City incorporates hip hop’s traditional four artistic elements – breaking, rapping, deejaying, and graffiti writing – into its urban planning in ways that satisfy hip hop community-centred goals. As part of the ERC CIPHER project’s study of global hip hop knowledge flows, we argue that Kawasaki’s model of incorporating hip hop into city-building processes is a transferable one, offering valuable insights into how cultural policies can achieve social inclusion, foster creative economies, and contribute to progressive civic engagement.