We study constant Q-curvature metrics conformal to the the round metric on the sphere with finitely many point singularities. We show that the moduli space of solutions with finitely many punctures in fixed positions, equipped with the Gromov–Hausdorff topology, has the local structure of a real algebraic variety with formal dimension equal to the number of the punctures. If a nondegeneracy hypothesis holds, we show that a neighbourhood in the moduli spaces is actually a smooth, real-analytic manifold of the expected dimension. We also construct a geometrically natural set of parameters, construct a symplectic structure on this parameter space and show that in the smooth case a small neighbourhood of the moduli space embeds as a Lagrangian submanifold in the parameter space. We remark that our construction of the symplectic structure is quite different from the one in the scalar curvature setting, due to the fact that the associated partial differential equation is fourth-order rather than second-order.

Individual-level solutions, such as lifestyle changes, are often regarded as cost-effective complements to systemic policies like government regulations in addressing climate change. However, some argue that exposure to these solutions may shift focus away from systemic interventions, potentially crowding-out support for large-scale policies. Across two experiments in Iran (N = 303) and Australia (N = 308 and 625), we tested whether exposure to different numbers of individual and systemic policies would affect individuals’ perception of systemic climate solutions. Results showed that, regardless of country or exposure type, whether through daily life or experimental manipulation, participants consistently supported systemic policies and changes, attributed greater responsibility to the government, perceived minimal conflict between systemic and individual approaches, rated systemic policies as more effective than individual ones, and viewed individual actions as only moderately substitutable for systemic solutions. These findings challenge the crowding-out hypothesis, suggesting that exposure to individual solutions does not diminish support for systemic policies or structural reforms.

Maximising creativity requires an enriched imagination that uses all five senses. This study explored the effects of a reduced visual–auditory multisensory stimuli environment on creativity. Nineteen participants took the Alternative Uses Test (AUT) under the nine decreased visual–auditory multisensory stimuli conditions. Fluency and originality were evaluated as a part of the creativity assessment. The number of ideas from the AUT determined the fluency level, and the three judges’ evaluations determined originality. A study on associative conceptual network analysis explored the word associations of selected nouns from the AUT under nine reduced visual–auditory multisensory stimuli experimental conditions, revealing outdegree centrality scores to evaluate creative potential. The results suggest that the decreasing visual stimuli inhibit fluency whereas auditory stimuli do not, and that originality is enhanced when stimuli are reduced, whether visual or auditory, unless there is a notable divergence between the visual and auditory conditions. These results highlight the importance of perceptual focus and cognitive load regulation in fostering creative potential.

Michael Sata’s presidency in Zambia (2011–14) marked a notable attempt to revive statist development ideas rooted in the country’s postindependence era. While the preceding MMD government had begun reintroducing limited state intervention, its commitment remained constrained. Sata, by contrast, articulated a more assertive vision of state-led development, echoing the UNIP-era model under Kenneth Kaunda. Drawing on policy documents, speeches, and survey data, this article situates Sata’s politics and policies within broader public dissatisfaction with neoliberal reforms and highlights enduring tensions in Africa’s poststructural adjustment era between market-oriented policies and demands for greater state involvement.

Part of a series of longitudinal studies of churchgoing in British towns and cities, this article traces the statistical history of church attendance in London over the past two hundred years. Among other sources, it utilises national religious censuses in 1851 and 1979–2005 and metropolitan ones in 1886–7, 1902–3, 1933–4 and 2012, presenting results as an index of attendance (IA), expressing attendances as percentage of population. Throughout the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, London’s IAs fell continuously and were mostly below those in other conurbations. Following an uptick around the millennium, net decline resumed after 2012.

In 1408, as the Great Western Schism entered its fourth decade, the Parisian community of Celestine monks asked Pierre d’Ailly to write a life of their founder, Pietro Morrone, who served as Pope Celestine V in 1294. D’Ailly found in him an example that suited his times: a pope could resign without damage to the Church at large. With cardinals from both obediences ready to withdraw support from Avignon’s Benedict XIII and Rome’s Gregory XII, both of whom resisted resignation, d’Ailly made his case for papal resignation via his life of Celestine V.

This paper broaches ‘natural theology’ in terms of the conceptual systems through which revelation is understood, as opposed to questions regarding the sources of revelation. I do so by analysing Barth’s rejection of natural theology in terms of what it can mean to treat a logic of prior possibility as determining what revelation’s conditions of possibility must be. I begin by reading Emil Brunner’s ‘Nature and Grace’ alongside Ludwig Wittgenstein’s reflections on mathematical necessity in order to show that Brunner’s thinking of possibility subordinates the necessities of revelation to what Wittgenstein calls ‘the logical machine’. I then argue that Barth’s rejection of natural theology involves rejecting the workings of this machine and so rejecting the axiomatic force of prior possibility for theology. I conclude by tracing two consequences of this rejection, one related to creativity, the other to political crisis.

By observing China’s domestic media landscape and state policies during the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper proposes the concept of “propaganda state 2.0” as a framework for exploring autocratic state propaganda from a holistic perspective. It contends that state propaganda in China remains an agitprop apparatus deeply embedded in the totality of the authoritarian regime, which it both serves and is served by. This system performs both conventional persuasion and indoctrination functions, as well as fulfilling the now underestimated mission of agitation, which can enhance the credibility of propaganda messages. This framework emphasizes the legacies of China’s past “propaganda state” and effectively explains how the party-state transformed the pandemic into opportunities to win popular support, and how this resulted in a debacle. Theoretically, the article highlights how state propaganda in contemporary China can shape, if not dictate, state policy, while serving as a more organic framework that bridges the “hard” and “soft” propaganda literatures.

This article discusses how the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) shaped notions of rural life, rural community, and social reform in the context of South and Southeast Asian decolonisation. Building on scholarship analysing rural development either in term of continuities from the colonial era or as the result of specific circumstances after the Second World War, the argument here is that we can understand approaches to rural welfare after 1945 as the historical intersection of three factors: the rural specificities of decolonisation related to violence and mass displacement; FAO seeking relevance and legitimacy in the post-war order; and urban and rural elites objectifying rural life as a cornerstone of post-imperial nation-building. Empirically, the article analyses two (former) British colonies that experienced two different forms of decolonisation: territorial partition and imperial warfare. It relates these modes of decolonisation to the early formations of FAO’s rural expertise and argues that decolonisation was a structuring event for both local rural policy-making and the evolving international (rural) development agenda.

This paper investigates the effect of taxation of polluting products and redistribution on pollution, income and welfare inequalities. We consider a two-sector Ramsey model with a green and a polluting good, two types of households and a subsistence level of consumption for the polluting good. The environmental tax is always effective in reducing pollution regardless of the level of subsistence consumption. However, this level, together with the redistribution rate, matters at the individual level as it shapes the impact of the environmental policy on individual consumption and welfare. Looking at the stability properties of the economy, a high subsistence level of polluting consumption leads to instability or indeterminacy of the steady state, while the environmental externality reduces the scope for indeterminacy. Increasing the tax rate and redistributing more to the worker affect the occurrence of indeterminacy and instability. Considering the subsistence level of consumption and the level of redistribution among households are of importance as it determines the effects of environmental tax policy in the long term and the stability of the economy in the short term.

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an annual herbaceous plant from the Apiaceae family, renowned for its medicinal and culinary applications as the second most popular spice globally after black pepper. Germination is a critical stage in the life cycle of plants, particularly for medicinal plants, as it determines successful establishment and productivity. This study explores the impact of ploidy levels (diploid and tetraploid) and genotype interactions on germination traits, seed morphology and early seedling growth in five selected cumin genotypes (YAR1, KBA4, SKD6, SIV8 and NKM9). Induction of tetraploidy significantly influenced germination percentage, rate, seed vigour index, and morphological traits. Notably, diploid genotypes exhibited higher germination percentages, while tetraploid SKD6 displayed the highest germination speed and seedling biomass, demonstrating genotype-specific ploidy effects. For the first time, root growth kinetics were analyzed, revealing distinct growth patterns between diploid and tetraploid seeds. Morphometric evaluations showed that tetraploid seeds and embryos were significantly larger, attributed to the ‘gigas effect’, which enhances storage reserves and seed vigour. However, challenges such as embryo-less seeds and variability in genotype responses to ploidy manipulation were observed. These findings underscore the importance of targeted breeding strategies that optimize genotype-ploidy interactions to improve seed quality, germination performance and early growth in cumin. By advancing our understanding of polyploidy’s role in shaping key agronomic traits, this study provides a foundation for sustainable cultivation practices and enhanced productivity of medicinal plants.

In the near future, individuals and non-financial firms will use generative artificial intelligence (AI) to execute everyday financial tasks. Users may deploy ‘AI agents’ such as Apple’s Siri or Google’s Gemini to pay their bills, recommend financial products or manage investment portfolios, and perform myriad other financial activities. Although users may receive benefits from having AI agents offer financial services, these applications pose significant risks both to customers and to the financial system: they may fail to act in users’ best interests, engage in market manipulation, and cause financial instability. This essay argues that regulators are unprepared for technology firms to use open finance and AI architecture to provide individualized financial services without human interaction. It argues that AI agents are the next technological innovation in finance that should be regulated, but that US banking regulators lack authority to directly regulate deposit brokers, posing risks to financial stability and the general public.