Weed competition remains a major constraint to productivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based cropping systems, yet the ecological factors structuring weed communities across environments and management regimes remain insufficiently resolved in South Asia. This study examined weed community composition, diversity, and dominance in rice systems of Bangladesh and Nepal to assess how environmental conditions, crop rotation, and herbicide use shape weed assemblages. Weed community surveys were conducted in major rice-growing areas during 2016 and 2019 in Bangladesh and during 2019 in Nepal, covering 120 farmers’ fields per season across contrasting crop rotation systems (rice–fallow–rice and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)–rice in Bangladesh; rice–wheat–fallow and rice–lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)–fallow in Nepal) and management regimes with and without preemergence herbicide use. We studied species richness, diversity, relative abundance, and frequency and their association with cropping system, weed management, land type, soil texture, and water management. Weed diversity and community composition varied significantly by site, year, cropping system, and herbicide use. Fields managed without herbicides consistently exhibited higher species richness and evenness, while herbicide use was associated with reduced diversity and dominance by fewer species. In Bangladesh, the wheat–jute–rice system supported higher weed diversity (0.96 to 1.01) than the rice–fallow–rice system (0.84 to 0.91), whereas in Nepal, weed community structure differed more strongly among locations than among crop rotations. Dominant species in Bangladesh included yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.], pickerelweed [Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) C. Presl. ex Kunth], cosmopolitan bulrush [Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla]; syn.: Scirpus maritimus L.], and Paspalum spp., with relative abundance varying by land type and water regime. In Nepal, weed communities were characterized by recurring dominance of fimbry (Fimbristylis littoralis Gaudich.), ricefield flatsedge (Cyperus iria L.), C. dactylon, junglerice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link], pimpernels (Lindernia spp.), and joyweeds (Alternanthera spp.), with shifts in abundance linked primarily to site-specific hydrological and soil conditions. Farmer identification of troublesome weeds closely matched measured dominance patterns. These findings provide an ecological foundation for refining site-specific weed management strategies.

In July of 2024, signatures for placing an anti-gerrymandering initiative on the November ballot were certified by the Ohio Secretary of State. The proposed initiative would have replaced a bipartisan redistricting commission with a citizens’ redistricting commission. Though the initiative ultimately failed, polls leading up to the general election showed Ohioans strongly supported redistricting reform. Using a survey of likely voters in Ohio, the research presented here identifies the factors that explain support for redistricting reform. While there is a strong body of research on redistricting, this research is unique because the survey data come from likely voters during an actual redistricting campaign. The findings show that identifying threats to democracy as the most important election issue, awareness of the redistricting issue, identification with the Democratic Party, and liberal ideology are all positively associated with support for redistricting reform. The findings demonstrate how voters are influenced by partisanship on salient issues and how issue awareness interacts with partisanship to determine support for redistricting. This article concludes with a discussion of the context of the ballot initiative in Ohio.

Despite growing interest in generative artificial intelligence for creative work, the mechanisms driving individuals’ psychological readiness and intention to adopt these tools remain understudied. This paper examines how self-leadership – a proactive process of self-influence – enhances generative artificial intelligence acceptance, individual confidence, and creative process engagement. Using a sample of 258 full-time employees, we tested a serial mediation model linking self-leadership to creative process engagement via artificial intelligence acceptance and creative self-efficacy. The results reveal a significant positive direct relationship between self-leadership and creative process engagement, alongside a significant indirect effect through both mediators. This study contributes to the literature by uncovering the psychological mechanisms and strategies necessary to foster technological readiness and intention within creative contexts.

Pinot Noir is rapidly increasing its share of the global vineyard bearing area and being grown in an increasing number of regions and wider range of climates. This article seeks to better understand why. Recently updated data on winegrape bearing area in the world’s winegrape regions reveal the extent of those trends, and basic economic data on gross revenue per vineyard hectare are compiled to help understand them in Australia and California. In both jurisdictions, Pinot Noir enjoys prices above the average for other varieties in each region, and proportionately more so within hot inland regions than within cooler regions. Moreover, in some key cooler regions with more-appropriate terroir, gross revenue per vineyard hectare is nonetheless below that in hot regions because of much lower yields. If the cost of production per hectare is higher in the smaller vineyards in cool regions, then it would further weaken their comparative advantage. Should the retail prices of Pinot Noir-based wines reflect the winegrape prices in the various regions reviewed, the very wide range of the latter suggests that younger/less-affluent wine consumers are able to enjoy the variety earlier than they would have in the absence of Pinot Noir plantings in warm regions.

Food insecurity (FI) has increased in recent years due to economic shifts and rising food prices, with 13.6% of UK households experiencing FI, 47% including children in 2024. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review with narrative synthesis explored the impact of UK interventions addressing FI for children, families, and pregnant women. Seven databases and two clinical trial registers were systematically searched for articles published between 2008–November 2023 (rapid search November 2023–February 2026). Peer-reviewed intervention studies were eligible if they were conducted in the UK, had an experimental design, targeted at least one FI pillar (accessibility, utilisation, availability, and stability) and if most participants were children aged 0–11 years, families with at least one child 0–11 years, or pregnant women. 18,225 articles were identified (rapid search identified 5,514); 11 intervention studies were included (rapid search n = 2). Types of interventions included cooking interventions (n = 4), free school meals (n = 3), holiday clubs (n = 2), supermarket vouchers (n = 1), and food bags (n = 1). Food availability was targeted in seven studies, food accessibility and utilisation in five, and food stability in one, one study included FI as an outcome. The interventions demonstrated barriers and facilitators to inform future intervention development. Most studies were considered serious or critical risk of bias. A lack of high-quality interventions addressing FI were identified. The additional studies reflected the evidence from the original studies. Government policies and funding are needed to relieve FI. Research needs to co-develop acceptable interventions and evaluate their effectiveness to reduce FI among families.

Cet article se propose de revenir sur la question de la reproduction sociale au sein des institutions universitaires françaises au début du xxe siècle à partir de l’exemple du célèbre historien Marc Bloch (1886-1944), normalien dont le père, Gustave Bloch (1848-1923), fut lui-même non seulement normalien mais également professeur à l’École normale supérieure. La question se pose en des termes spécifiques en un temps où l’ENS perdit son autonomie pour devenir un institut pédagogique intégré à l’université de Paris : Marc Bloch fut donc à la fois un pur produit de l’ENS et de l’Université et il eut toujours à cœur de nourrir sa pratique professionnelle avec cette double culture. En s’appuyant sur les nombreuses archives que sa formation à l’ENS a laissées, il est possible de comprendre comment se déroulait la formation d’un historien à l’ENS à l’époque de Marc Bloch, comment la personnalité de ce dernier s’y est peu à peu affirmée en s’appuyant sur certaines dispositions propres à un héritier intellectuel, et d’observer de quelle manière cet héritage normalien a pu être plus ou moins activé pendant l’ensemble de son parcours d’historien et de citoyen.