This article examines the firm-level roots of anti-system political attitudes, focusing on Jair Bolsonaro’s rise in Brazil. Using Brazil’s RAIS dataset, a comprehensive matched employer–employee longitudinal database, and exclusive data on Aliados apoios, a unique dataset of over 69,000 Bolsonaro supporters, this study provides new insights into the employment trajectories of his base. Paired with an original representative online survey of full-time workers featuring observational and experimental components, the findings show that Bolsonaro supporters faced significant declines in wages and occupational premia relative to similar workers. Experimental evidence reveals that poor job quality, workplace unfairness, and wage inequality information might fuel anti-democratic attitudes. By leveraging distinctive data and methods, this article uncovers how firm-level inequalities shape populist and anti-system sentiments, offering a novel perspective on the political consequences of economic disparity and bringing nuance to economic theories of populism.

This study investigated how alcohol intoxication and negative mood affect decision-making in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in a high-risk sample of adults who regularly drink alcohol. Using a 2×2 between-subjects design (N=160), we experimentally manipulated alcohol intoxication (target BrAC=.06% vs. .00%) and mood (negative vs. neutral) and employed computational modeling to identify underlying mechanisms. Results showed that alcohol intoxication impaired IGT performance, with intoxicated participants selecting fewer cards from advantageous decks (estimate=−8.12, 95% CI=[−12.83, −3.23]). Evidence for an effect of negative mood was moderate but inconclusive (estimate=−4.82, 95% CI=[−9.66, 0.02]). Computational modeling revealed that both alcohol (estimate=.13, 95% CI=[.05, .21]) and negative mood (estimate=.12, 95% CI=[.04, .20]) increased reward learning rates without affecting punishment learning rates. No interaction effects were observed. These findings suggest that impaired decision-making during alcohol intoxication and negative mood states stems from heightened sensitivity to immediate rewards rather than diminished sensitivity to punishments but these effects do not appear to be additive, providing novel insights into the computational mechanisms underlying alcohol-related decision-making deficits.

The financial industry has become increasingly entangled with environmental matters of concern, constituting the phenomenon of ‘green’ finance. In this Forum, we approach green finance as financial climate governance to highlight its claim on finance’s role as legitimate and capable steward of the planet’s climate. This claim to govern and its promise to achieve desirable environmental conditions have made green finance a crucial object of investigation. However, we observe a growing fragmentation of green finance research along various fault lines, such as levels of analysis, normative positions, or academic structures. Calling for reassembling green finance scholarship, we posit a need for more integrative approaches, motivating this Forum’s central question: what integrative moves across socioeconomic research can enhance our understanding and judgement of green finance? The Forum gathers three contributions focused on: (1) integrating macro- and micro-approaches in green finance studies; (2) examining the politics of green finance as knowledge contestations; and (3) confronting stasis in green finance by exploring researchers’ agencies, emotions, and normativities. By reassembling green finance scholarship through integrative moves, we suggest marking green finance as a shared concern and fostering collective perspectives to bring clarity and constructive critique to what has become a dominant pursuit in facing the socioecological crisis.

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has evolved into an assertive regional actor in matters of peace, security, and governance. Originally established in 1975 to promote economic integration, ECOWAS began military engagement in 1990 with the launch of the ECOWAS Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) during the Liberian civil war—marking the start of a series of interventions in Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, The Gambia, and, most recently, its threat of force in Niger following the 2023 coup. ECOWAS now positions itself not only as a stabilizing force but also as a guardian of democratic norms in the region. This essay interrogates the legality of ECOWAS’s military enforcement posture under international law, particularly in light of the prohibition on the threat or use of force in Article 2(4) of the United Nations (UN) Charter. It critically examines whether interventions grounded in ad hoc or treaty-based consent, or justified under an emerging doctrine of pro-democratic intervention, can withstand legal scrutiny. In doing so, the essay highlights a growing normative and legal tension between regional democratic imperatives and the universal constraints of the international legal order—raising broader questions about the coherence, hierarchy, and adaptability of international law in a pluralist legal landscape.

Family meals are positively associated with healthier diets among children and parents. We aimed to deepen the understanding of these relationships by exploring the associations between shared meals and dietary quality among children, fathers and mothers. A subset of parent-child dyads (296 children aged 3–6 years, 103 fathers, 293 mothers) from the DAGIS Intervention baseline assessment was included in this cross-sectional study. The parents reported how often they shared meals with the child and filled in a food frequency questionnaire assessing their child’s and their own food consumption. A Healthy Food Intake Index (HFII) describing dietary quality was calculated for all family members. We used linear regression to investigate the associations between shared meals and the HFII of the children, fathers and mothers. Models were adjusted for child’s age and gender, parent’s age and educational level and number of children in the household. Children whose fathers reported less frequently sharing a weekend lunch with the child had a lower HFII (B estimate –1·58, 95 % CI –2·66, –0·50). The association remained close to statistical significance with adjustments (B estimate –0·99, 95 % CI –2·17, 0·19). A less frequently shared weekend lunch was also borderline significantly associated with lower HFII among the fathers (adjusted model, B estimate –1·13, 95 % CI –2·30, 0·04). Fathers should be encouraged to share meals with their family, since it might have a role in the dietary quality of both children and fathers. Future studies should recognise fathers as important contributors to a healthy home food environment.

We present Digital Collections Explorer, a web-based, open-source exploratory search platform that leverages Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training for enhanced visual discovery of digital collections. Our Digital Collections Explorer can be installed locally and configured to run on a visual collection of interest on disk in just a few steps. Building upon recent advances in multimodal search techniques, our interface enables natural language queries and reverse image searches over digital collections with visual features. This article describes the system’s architecture, implementation and application to various cultural heritage collections, demonstrating its potential for democratizing access to digital archives, especially those with impoverished metadata. We present case studies with maps, photographs and PDFs extracted from web archives in order to demonstrate the flexibility of the Digital Collections Explorer, as well as its ease of use. We demonstrate that the Digital Collections Explorer scales to hundreds of thousands of images on a MacBook Pro with an M4 chip. Lastly, we host a public demo of Digital Collections Explorer.

Sexsomnia is an arousal disorder in which abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences (such as masturbation, sexual intercourse, loud sexual vocalizations) are manifested during NREM sleep and are followed by amnesia upon awakening from these episodes. Both behavioral and pharmacological interventions are available for management of these manifestations, but no clinical trials have been performed to determine their effectiveness or guide clinical management. The aim of this review and case report is to describe the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for sexsomnia (CBT-S) in a 27-year-old male whose chief complaint was sexual behavior 2 to 3 nights per week. The initial clinical assessment yielded diagnoses of sexsomnia, insufficient sleep syndrome, and snoring. The components of CBT-S used in this case included sleep extension, sleep hygiene, and relaxation therapy (diaphragmatic breathing with autogenic training) employing client-centered Motivational Interviewing. The patient reported no recurrence of sexsomnia events during the first month of therapy, but experienced 1 recurrence between the third and sixth months of follow-up, which was likely triggered by sleep deprivation and following alcohol consumption. No further recurrence of sexsomnia events was reported while maintaining adequate adherence to therapy. As is the case for insomnia, CBT represents a viable therapeutic option for the management of sexsomnia.

The Born approximation of a potential in the context of the Calderón inverse problem is an object that can be formally defined in terms of spectral data of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map of the corresponding Schrödinger operator. In this article, we prove, in the case of radial potentials in the Euclidean ball and any fixed energy, that the Born approximation is well-defined as a compactly supported radial distribution, and that the Calderón problem can be reformulated as recovering a potential from its Born approximation. In addition, we show that the Born approximation depends locally on the potential and captures exactly its singularities, and that the functional that maps the Born approximation to the potential is Hölder continuous. We also prove that the Born approximation converges to the potential in the high-energy limit. Moreover, we give an explicit formula for the Fourier transform of the Born approximation at any fixed energy, and illustrate how it can be used as the basis of an accurate procedure to approximate a potential from its Dirichlet-to-Neumann map.

In this article, we explore how to engage with the work of ethicists facing public allegations of professional sexual misconduct. Rather than disengaging or proceeding as usual, we propose citing their work alongside impartial information about credible allegations. We choose to isolate the work of ethicists as the target of this proposal because ethicists are distinct on two fronts: they are distinct among philosophers because they have moral authority, and distinct among others with moral authority, such as religious leaders and civil rights activists, because their power is reproduced in part through citations. Our approach offers a nuanced perspective on the power conferred through citations. We argue that individual scholars have a moral and intellectual responsibility to cite using this practice, especially when institutional enforcement of justice is lacking.

A Doppler Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR) wind-profiling system was deployed at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica, during the summer of 2017. The parameters measured by the SODAR system were wind speed and direction averaged for 15 min from 30 m above the surface to 500 m aloft. Additionally, wind measurements obtained from the nearby walk-up tower and automatic weather station (AWS) were also used for additional data and comparison, respectively. The analysis and comparison used hourly average for consistency. The mean wind speed obtained from the SODAR measurement is highly correlated with those from the walk-up tower and the AWS measurements. All three measurements recorded westerlies during all strong wind events but varied during calm periods. The measurements also reveal that Jang Bogo Station experiences lower wind speeds compared to the nearest katabatic confluence region (Inexpressible Island), where the maximum airflow usually occurred. From the hourly averaged data, SODAR only detected a maximum wind speed of 18.1 m s−1. There were 238 occurrences of strong wind events equal to or above 10.8 m s−1 (Beaufort scale 6) from 10 May to 31 October 2017. These occurrences were recorded in 50 out of 175 days analysed in this study. From 10 to 12 June 2017, predominantly south-westerly-westerly winds were recorded at the surface and aloft during two strong wind events. Based on this case study, the boundary layer during calm and strong wind periods was also analysed.

For associative rings with anti-involution several homology theories exist, for instance reflexive homology as studied by Graves and involutive Hochschild homology defined by Fernàndez-València and Giansiracusa. We prove that the corresponding homology groups can be identified with the homotopy groups of an equivariant Loday construction of the one-point compactification of the sign-representation evaluated at the trivial orbit, if we assume that 2 is invertible and if the underlying abelian group of the ring is flat. We also show a relative version where we consider an associative k-algebra with an anti-involution where k is an arbitrary commutative ground ring.

Minimum tillage potato production with rice straw mulching was widely promoted in Vietnam during the 2010s for efficient land use in the winter fallow season. This study evaluates the current adoption status 15 years after its introduction by a qualitative case study consisting of desk review, phone interviews and in-depth interviews, and field observation. Findings reveal that the original practice has been discontinued after initial adoption, primarily attributed to the adoption of rice harvesters and power tillers. The reasons for discontinuation differ from those for other conservation agriculture practices like zero tillage maize or wheat production, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches for each crop and locality. Some farmers have adapted the method to fit their specific conditions in which the principles of conservation agriculture have been maintained. Those findings underscore the need for continual refinement of agricultural innovations along with socioeconomic and agroecological changes. Drawing on insights from the case of Vietnam, the study proposes a scaling strategy for South Asia where there is increasing interest in promoting potato zero tillage rice straw mulching.

This essay explores the role of national government institutions in shaping the international law of democracy by safeguarding the core principles of democratic elections in Africa. It examines case studies, including the recent presidential elections in Senegal, Malawi, Kenya, and other African countries. The study identifies key factors, such as democratic resilience, judicial intervention in pre-election matters, and bold constitutional interpretation, as crucial elements for maintaining democratic integrity. It argues that national courts are not merely guardians of constitutional order but active co-creators of democratic legitimacy and institutional resilience to enhance public trust, even under intense political pressure from anti-democratic elements seeking to undermine or manipulate democratic processes. These case studies highlight the necessity of early intervention from national courts as an essential practice for developing a “democratic front” across Africa. The essay cautions against over-judicialization and politicization of courts. It concludes that supporting national courts and their actors in brave early intervention in electoral disputes can foster democratic resilience and contribute to realizing the continental aspiration of the African law of democracy.

We probe the atomic hydrogen (Hi) emission from the host galaxies of fast radio bursts (FRBs) to investigate the emerging trend of disturbance and asymmetry in the population. Quadrupling the sample size, we detect 16 out of 17 new hosts in Hi, with the single non-detection arising in a galaxy known to be transitioning towards quiescence. With respect to typical local Universe galaxies, FRB hosts are generally massive in Hi ( $\gt10^9$ M$_{{\odot}}$), which aligns with previous studies reporting that FRB hosts also tend to have high stellar masses and are star-forming. However, they span a broad range of other Hi derived properties. Using visual inspection alongside various asymmetry metrics, we identify six unambiguously settled host galaxies, demonstrating for the first time that a disturbed Hi morphology is not a universal feature of FRB host galaxies. However, we find another six that show clear signs of disturbance, one borderline case, and three which require deeper or more targeted observations to reach a conclusion; this brings the confirmed ratio of disturbed-to-settled FRB hosts to 11:6. Given that roughly a 1:1 ratio is expected for random background galaxies of similar type, our observed ratio yields a p-value of 0.222. Therefore, we conclude that contrary to earlier indications, there is no statistically significant excess of Hi disturbance in this sample of FRB host galaxies with respect to the general galaxy population, and hence we find no evidence for a fundamental connection between FRB progenitor formation and merger-induced star formation activity.