Bangladesh’s handloom weaving industry, a vital cultural and economic asset, employs approximately one million rural workers and generates over 10 billion Bangladeshi taka (~82 million USD) annually. Despite its importance, the mental health of handloom weavers, locally known as Tatis, remains largely unexamined. This perspective article, based on a narrative review of existing literature synthesizing peer-reviewed studies, reports and policy documents on mental health in informal sectors, explores the mental health challenges faced by these workers. Using a syndemics framework, it draws on data on garment workers and the broader informal sector, which indicates heightened risks of stress, anxiety and depression resulting from long working hours, low wages and competition from mechanized looms. These risks are compounded by systemic barriers, including Bangladesh’s allocation of only 0.44% of its health budget to mental health (2021), a severe shortage of professionals (0.16 psychiatrists per 100,000 people and 0.34 psychologist per 100,000 people) and pervasive cultural stigma. Additionally, musculoskeletal pain, which affects 82.4% of weavers, places a particularly heavy burden on women, who constitute half of the workforce, further exacerbating mental health vulnerabilities through syndemic interactions with poverty and gender inequities. To address this neglected crisis, the article proposes a novel intervention framework aligned with the Double Diamond design model. The framework integrates community-based mental health hubs, peer-led support networks and digital platforms tailored to Bangladesh’s collectivist culture. It calls for increased funding, workplace reforms, stigma reduction campaigns and targeted research, highlighting the dual benefit of improving weavers’ well-being and sustaining the long-term future of the industry.

Hinge epistemology’s main claim to fame lies with its purported advantages in dealing with the problem of radical skepticism. In this paper, I argue that two of its most prominent formulations, due to Annalisa Coliva and Duncan Pritchard, are unsuccessful. To the extent that hinge epistemology represents one of the most relevant options available to internalists to avoid skeptical collapse, the results of this discussion contribute to cast a grim light on the chances of a successful defense of internalist epistemic justification more in general.

Medication errors in clinical care and in clinical research are preventable situations requiring quality improvement approaches to mitigate negative safety trends. The “Rights of Medication Administration” framework has existed in hospital and clinic settings for decades to aid clinicians with ensuring medication administration safety for patients. These quality measures such as expanded rights of medication administration, bar coding, and “time outs” have been employed to improve clinical patient safety. In clinical trials, drug accountability standard operating procedures are established standards; however, policies for direct administration of the investigational medical product to the study participant in a trial are lacking. Current administration rights were examined through the lens of clinical research practices, regulations, and case studies leading to proposed revisions for local adaptation. The authors suggest a standard operating procedure for investigational product that includes a “time out” checklist to ensure improved quality study performance and safety for clinical trial participants. This new standard operating procedure considers evolved quality practices suggested in the new “Good Clinical Practice” guidelines, ICH E6 (R3). With safety and quality at the forefront, this newly proposed SOP has been developed for implementation at the local site. Future research is encouraged.

I would like to start this reply by addressing the comments by Gabriela Chaparro and Jamir Tiatoshi. While their remarks mainly foreground their own research trajectories, I treat them as useful contexts for the questions at stake and as opportunities to clarify the scope and implications of my argument.

Melatonin is an easily accessible, widely used drug for sleep issues, disrupted sleep–wake cycles, and jet lag, available in a variety of forms and dosages. Melatonin is also used in hospital settings to promote sleep onset, particularly in elderly patients, as a circadian rhythm regulator. Despite the popularity of melatonin, it is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This creates ambiguity surrounding its proper usage for optimum results, including dosage and time of administration. The objective of this article is to shed light on the best timing to administer melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone that our body naturally produces to regulate our biological clock. Even though our body has a built-in “sleep system,” many people still suffer from chronic sleep disorders such as insomnia. Melatonin has also proved to help prevent delirium in hospitalized patients due to its circadian rhythm regulatory effects. The elderly are at risk of developing insomnia because as one ages, melatonin production decreases. The most convenient solution for insomnia is to take melatonin supplements. To optimize the effects of melatonin supplements, proper dosage and timing must be considered. Additionally, patients who are oppositional to bedtime, which is known as bedtime resistance, are typically more willing to go to bed following melatonin administration. Melatonin administration at around 6 PM (1–2 hours before bedtime) is optimal to regulate sleep cycles of patients, and it can help with bedtime resistance. This should be the standard of care in all hospitals, nursing homes, and at home.

We show the Harris–Viehmann conjecture under some Hodge–Newton reducibility condition for a generalisation of the diamond of a non-basic Rapoport–Zink space at infinite level, which appears as a cover of the non-semi-stable locus in the Hecke stack. We show also that the cohomology of the non-semi-stable locus with coefficients coming from a cuspidal Langlands parameter vanishes. As an application, we show the Hecke eigensheaf property in Fargues’ conjecture for cuspidal Langlands parameters in the $ {\mathrm {GL}}_2$-case.