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We show the Harris–Viehmann conjecture under some Hodge–Newton reducibility condition for a generalisation of the diamond of a non-basic Rapoport–Zink space at infinite level, which appears as a cover of the non-semi-stable locus in the Hecke stack. We show also that the cohomology of the non-semi-stable locus with coefficients coming from a cuspidal Langlands parameter vanishes. As an application, we show the Hecke eigensheaf property in Fargues’ conjecture for cuspidal Langlands parameters in the $ {\mathrm {GL}}_2$-case.
Chapter 1 observes that the Japanese archipelago has been represented unduly as an “islanded” entity, due to the prevalence of exceptionalist concepts such as national seclusion or sakoku. It presents Japan as a terraqueous economy by outlining the history of marine nutrients from fishing grounds along the Kuroshio and Oyashio currents, which remained prominent factors in the expansion of agrarian production until the twentieth century. It suggests different possibilities to embed the archipelago’s early modern and modern histories conceptually in its hydrological environments: Teleconnections such as the East Asian Monsoon offer historiographical challenges to Eurocentric models like the “East Asian Mediterranean.” Likewise, maritime currents are agents in the making and remaking of Japan’s terraqueous economy. Their seasonal rhythms create specific environments of risk in which the archipelago’s marine resource and shipping industries developed their business practices. The Kuroshio offers special possibilities, because it represents both a modern scientific concept and an early modern source term – its study can therefore build on intellectual and vernacular virtual geographies.
To understand a treatment’s potential impact at the individual level, it is crucial to explore whether the effect differs across patient subgroups and covariate values. Meta-analysis provides an important tool for detecting treatment–covariate interactions, as it can improve power compared to a single study. However, aggregation bias can occur when estimating individual-level treatment–covariate interactions in meta-analysis, due to trial-level confounding. This refers to when the association between the covariate and treatment effect across trials (at the aggregate level) differs from that observed within trials (at the individual level). It is, thus, recommended that heterogeneity in the treatment effect at the individual level should be disentangled from that at the trial level, ideally using an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. Here, we explain this issue and provide new intuition about how trial-level confounding is impacted by differences in within-trial distributions of covariates and how this corresponds to asymmetry in subgroup-specific funnel plots in the case of categorical covariates. We then propose a sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of interaction estimates to potential trial-level confounding. We illustrate these concepts using simulated and real data from an IPD meta-analysis of trials conducted on the TICO/ACTIV-3 platform, which assessed passive immunotherapy treatments for inpatients with COVID-19.
Although international organizations have always made some revenue in selling publications and organizing events, their activity in selling goods and services has increased significantly during the past few decades. From charging fees for the use of online platforms to selling visa services to governments, and from providing passenger and cargo transport to collecting aviation route charges on behalf of members states, international organizations now sell a wide variety of goods and services to private actors, states and other organizations. In other words, international organizations increasingly act in the market in ways resembling private actors, in addition to adopting business-like practices and mindsets in other ways, oftentimes raising difficult legal questions about their constitutional competence, immunity and responsibility. This article maps the market activities of international organizations, analyses the reasons behind their increasing importance and asks how they fit within the law of international organizations. In so doing, the article also challenges traditional, member state-centric perspectives to international organizations.
In this paper, I critically rethink how interdisciplinary approaches to artificial intelligence (AI) are framed, particularly in relation to technology-facilitated gender- and sexuality-based violence (TFGSBV). While collaboration across disciplines is often positioned as a solution to AI-related harms, I argue that these approaches can reproduce the very exclusions they aim to address. Drawing on my work with the Feminist Internet Research Network and dialogues with researchers and activists across the Majority Worlds, I propose liveability – not only as a principle, but as a practice – for interdisciplinary work.
Liveability refers to the conditions that allow individuals and communities to thrive – emotionally, politically and socially – even amid structural violence and technological harm. I treat interdisciplinarity not as a goal in itself, but as an ethical and relational process grounded in care, accountability and situated knowledge. Through feminist and queer perspectives, I examine how AI harms are often abstracted into technical problems, and I advocate for slower, more grounded practices that centre lived experience. Through lessons from Feminist Internet Research Network’s multistakeholder collaborations, I show how introducing liveability into interdisciplinary and multistakeholder work – particularly around TFGSBV – enables alternative, more inclusive forms of collaboration.
Liveability becomes a compass for working across difference, shifting interdisciplinary AI research towards justice, community and collective transformation.
This chapter evaluates the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Sports for Climate Action Initiative (S4CA), a prominent example of public–private collaboration in addressing climate change within the sports sector. It examines the efforts of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It compares them with the commitments of professional leagues such as England’s Premier League (EPL), Deutsche Fußball Liga (DFL) and the National Basketball Association (NBA). The chapter demonstrates how international organizations leverage direct and indirect interactions with private entities to achieve treaty goals through these examples. It highlights the role of ’pioneer organizations’ in driving significant change within the sports sector. The analysis covers the theoretical background of public–private regulatory interactions, describes the S4CA framework, and illustrates its application by sports entities, showcasing complex regulatory interactions within international legal frameworks.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent among US Veterans. Identifying patients undergoing dialysis in real-time is crucial for implementing patient safety measures, including stewardship interventions, such as medication dosing adjustments. Limited feasible and accurate tools exist for near-real-time identification. This study aimed to develop a renal replacement therapy (RRT) flag using structured data in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic health record (EHR).
Methods:
Data from Veterans who underwent cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) procedures (9/2015–12/2019) were linked to US Renal Data Systems (USRDS) data. Potential identifiers included outpatient hemodialysis procedure records, community care hemodialysis consults, ICD-10 diagnoses, and serum creatinine (SCr) >4 mg/dL. USRDS served as the comparison standard, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Logistic regression determined the area under the curve (AUC).
Results:
Among 37,706 CIED procedures on 34,994 Veterans, 967 patients (2.6%) were identified by USRDS as ever receiving RRT (hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis or transplant), with 520 (1.4%) actively receiving RRT at the time of CIED. The RRT flag, combining ≥4 outpatient procedures in the prior 30 days, ≥1 consult in the prior year, and/or SCr >4 mg/dL, achieved an AUC of 0.976 (95% CI: 0.97–0.98), with high sensitivity (0.96; 95% CI: 0.94–0.97) and specificity (0.99; 95% CI: 0.99–1.00). The PPV was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.67–0.74). Performance was slightly lower when consults were replaced with ICD codes.
Conclusions:
We developed an accurate electronic flag using structured data to identify active RRT within VHA among Veterans undergoing invasive procedures, supporting patient safety and care adjustments. This flag addresses a crucial patient safety gap and supports expansion of stewardship efforts.
The relationship between Nepal and China during the 1910s to 1940s remains an underexplored topic. This article revisits this thirty-year period by examining Chinese knowledge production on Nepal as an early instance of inter-Asia engagement. First, it demonstrates how epistemological barriers – shaped by coloniality and asymmetrical worldviews – severely hindered direct Chinese understanding of Nepal, despite sustained intellectual efforts. It then interrogates the in-betweenness of this disconnection, arguing that these mediated engagements were not merely failures of direct contact. Instead, the article contends that the liminal, hybrid, and shifting nature of these mediated encounters enabled forms of subjectivity transference and affective affiliation that were productive in sustaining inter-Asian referencing. To support this claim, the article examines the writings of various Chinese political critics, officials, and diplomats on Nepal. Despite their limitations, these intellectual engagements are ultimately seen as productive. First, they expose the liminal, shifting, and dynamic nature of knowledge production, in contrast to the fixed forms associated with colonial epistemologies. Second, they enable forms of subjectivity transference that foster affective affiliations. They also offer renewed possibilities for understanding inter-Asian referencing as a methodological strategy for rethinking inter-Asian relationalities.
This chapter sets the tone for the volume, by demonstrating that international organizations law has traditionally been constructed around the fundamental assumption that the only legally relevant dynamic is the relationship between the organization and its member states. The law, in other words, has grown up in a vacuum, illustrated by the absence of clauses granting international organizations legal personality under international law (until well into the second half of the twentieth century) and illustrated by the absence of explicit treaty-making competences. International organizations were never expected to interact with others than their own member states; as a result, today’s international organizations law has a hard time accommodating third parties.
We need the help of the sciences now more than ever, what with the various coronavirus pandemics and other global diseases; repeated economic downturns; environmental pollution and global warming; racial, ethnic, and other sources of social unrest; and much, much more. And yet, the sciences these days are suffering from their own set of problems and have even contributed in significant measure to many of these problems that now beset us. Are the sciences, therefore, up to the job we need done right now, or can they be helped to be up to that job, and if so, how? These are serious issues that a socially relevant science studies should take up. What might be philosophy of science’s role in that endeavor? This chapter focuses on three problems that are especially prominent in US science: the “war on science” waged for decades by influential Republicans, corporate interests, fundamentalist Christians, and even some scientists; the “perverse incentives” and nonincentives also infecting U.S. science; and the racial and ethnic biases widespread there as well. The role the chapter sees for philosophy of science to deal with these problems involves three projects – a prevention project, a rectification project, and a celebration project.
Despite substantial corporate investment in mentorship, learning, and talent development, access to these knowledge sharing practices may be unequal. This could be due to structural prejudices that determine who receives mentorship, whose learning is prioritised, and how knowledge is shared in organisations. Philosophical business ethics research has primarily focused on speaker-directed epistemic injustice, where employees’ testimony is silenced or discredited. This article introduces hearer-directed epistemic injustice, a novel concept that highlights the wrong suffered by employees who are unjustly denied knowledge. Using Hidden Figures as a case, this article illustrates how testimonial oversimplification or omission can perpetuate structural inequalities in organisations. By extending Fricker’s theory of epistemic injustice, I argue that “speakers”—mentors, managers, finance professionals, and leaders—should actively foster virtuous knowledge sharing practices. This research contributes to business ethics by providing a conceptual framework for identifying hearer-directed epistemic injustice in organisations and ways to mitigate prejudice in organisational epistemic practices.
Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), yet the risk factors for mortality in this population remain unclear.
Aims
To identify risk factors for mortality in ESRD patients with depression and assess the incidence of suicide attempts.
Method
We used Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to identify adult patients who initiated maintenance dialysis between 1997 and 2012. Two ESRD cohorts were established at a depression-to-non-depression ratio of 1:8, matched by age and gender (n = 3289 with depression; n = 26 312 without depression). Outcomes included all-cause mortality and suicide attempts, with additional subgroup analyses by baseline depression severity.
Results
ESRD patients with depression had a higher mortality risk (hazard ratio 1.15, 95% CI: 1.10–1.21) than those without. Risk factors for mortality included male gender, older age, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Patients with depression also had a higher risk of suicide attempts (hazard ratio 3.02, 95% CI: 1.68–5.42). ESRD patients with severe depression had a significantly higher rate of hospital admissions for depression compared to those with non-severe depression (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.82, 95% CI: 1.14–2.93). Furthermore, patients with severe depression were associated with a significantly higher mortality rate compared to those without depression (IRR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.15–1.76).
Conclusions
Depression is linked to poor survival in ESRD patients, with underlying comorbidities playing a key role in mortality. Given the increased risk of mortality, suicide attempts and hospital admissions, these high-risk patients require enhanced medical attention, particularly those with severe depression.
We surveyed physicians and patients to create a novel Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) for non-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Patients generally ranked uncomfortable but non-life-threatening symptoms as less desirable, while physicians focused on traditional medical outcomes. When developing DOORs, both patient and clinician perspectives should be considered.