The purpose of this final chapter is to provide a brief introduction to some selected topics related to experimental design and ANOVA procedures. These topics include interaction comparisons, random and fixed factors, nested factors, Latin squares, unequal sample sizes, and multivariate analysis of variance. Because complete coverage of these topics requires at least a separate chapter per topic, which is beyond the scope of the present book, our coverage will be somewhat cursory; sources that may be consulted for further information are provided in connection with each topic.
INTERACTION COMPARISONS
SIMPLE EFFECTS ANALYSES
As we indicated in Chapter 8, most researchers explore a statistically significant A × B interaction effect by conducting simple effects analyses. The simple effects strategy that we have used throughout this book was to perform pairwise comparisons using t tests directly following the omnibus ANOVA that yielded a statistically significant interaction effect. An alternative but similar strategy with three or more levels of one of the independent variables can be illustrated by considering the means displayed in Figure 17.1. This 3 × 2 factorial was originally presented in Figure 8.2. In this alternative but similar strategy, we focus on one level of one of the independent variables at a time. In Figure 17.1 we have outlined the means of the females to highlight one focus, and would repeat this focus with the males. To implement this strategy, we would do the following:
Perform a one-way ANOVA for the females comparing the means of type of residence.
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