Combinatorics is the slums of topology.
J. H. C. Whitehead (attr.)I have to admit that he was not bad at combinatorial analysis — a branch, however, that even then I considered to be dried up.
Stanislaw Lem, His Master's Voice (1968)Combinatorics is special. Most mathematical topics which can be covered in a lecture course build towards a single, well-defined goal, such as Cauchy's Theorem or the Prime Number Theorem. Even if such a clear goal doesn't exist, there is a sharp focus (finite groups, perhaps, or non-parametric statistics). By contrast, combinatorics appears to be a collection of unrelated puzzles chosen at random.
Two factors contribute to this. First, combinatorics is broad rather than deep. Its tentacles stretch into virtually all corners of mathematics. Second, it is about techniques rather than results. As in a net, threads run through the entire construction, appearing unexpectedly far from where we last saw them. A treatment of combinatorics which neglects this is bound to give a superficial impression.
This feature makes the teacher's job harder. Reading, or lecturing, is inherently one-dimensional. If we follow one thread, we miss the essential interconnectedness of the subject.
I have attempted to meet this difficulty by various devices. Each chapter begins with a list of topics, techniques, and algorithms considered in the chapter, and cross-references to other chapters. Also, some of the material is set in smaller type and can be regarded as optional.
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