Chapter 8 focuses on steady open-channel flow. As opposed to pressurized flow in closed conduits, open-channel flows convey water by gravity in human-made channels and natural waterways. The cross-sectional area of open channels varies with discharge as described in Section 8.1. Section 8.2 examines resistance to flow to define the normal depth in Section 8.3 and shear stress in Section 8.4.
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