This chapter presents a simple model of a digital communication (or storage) system and its key function units, which are relevant for reliable information transmission (or storage) over a transmission (or storage) medium subject to noise disturbance (or medium defect). The two function units that play the key role in protection of transmitted (or stored) information against noise (or medium defect) are encoder and decoder. The function of the encoder is to transform an information sequence into another sequence, called a coded sequence, which enables the detection and correction of transmission errors at the receiving end of the system.
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