Fundamentals of Jet Propulsion with Power Generation Applications

Turbomachines are the heart of all production jet engines and power generation gas turbines. This book discusses six basic types of turbomachines directly: axial flow compressors, axial flow pumps, radial flow compressors, centrifugal pumps, axial flow gas turbines, and axial flow hydraulic turbines. Two other basic types that are used in practice are not covered in this text because of their limited application in propulsion and power generation: radial inflow gas turbines and radial inflow hydraulic turbines. The basic derivations of the equations for each machine type are covered in this chapter rather than in the chapters in which the machines are discussed. As will be shown, the resulting fundamental equations apply to all types of turbomachines, regardless of categorization. Application of the equations with complementing internal velocity information is, however, different for the different turbomachines. Advanced details can be found in texts, including Stodola (1927), Howell (1945a, 1945b), Shepherd (1956), Vavra (1974), Dixon (1975, 1998), Osborn (1977), Balje (1981), Whittle (1981), Wallis (1983), Turton (1984), Hill and Peterson (1992), Logan (1993), Japikse and Baines (1994), Cohen et al. (1996), Hah (1997), and Wilson and Korakianitis (2014). Cumpsty and Greitzer (2004) present an interesting review of turbomachinery development. Furthermore, Denton and Dawes (1998), Elmendorf et al. (1998), LeJambre et al. (1998), Rhie et al. (1998), Adamczyk (2000), and Denton (2010) show how modern computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tools can effectively be used for the complex 3-D analysis and design of turbomachines and also cover some of the limitations. In the following three chapters the equations developed in this chapter will be used to find the operating characteristics of compressors and turbines.