In this chapter we first describe the experiments of Grangier et al., which gave clear evidence of anti-correlation effects and of the interference effects where only a single photon is involved. We then provide a fully quantum mechanical treatment of a lossless beam splitter. Interferometry with single photons is then treated fully quantum mechanically. Interaction-free measurement is then discussed, followed by interferometry with coherent states of light. Next, the SU(2) formulation of beam splitters and interferometers is discussed.
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