A pipe is a closed conduit, and when it runs full its hydraulics is different from the hydraulics of open channels in which the upper surface of flow is exposed to the atmosphere. Pipes or closed conduits are used in sprinkler and drip irrigation systems to carry water from the source of water supply to the individual sprinkler or emitter. Water may be conveyed from a reservoir through a pipeline. These systems are also called pressurized irrigation systems. This chapter reviews the principles of pipeline hydraulics.
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