Note: Answers to part or all of some questions have not been provided if a graph or diagram is needed, if a short answer cannot be given, or if the answer is given explicitly in the text.
Chapter 2
1: A positive one is above the surrounding average, a negative one below it. 2: Any of them. 3: i, ii (the improved signal-to-noise ratio makes the result clearer). 4: i. 5: i or v would be best, though ii, iv, vi, and viii would also work. 6: Show negative values (or ones below the average) in a different colour; shade area with negative values; use much wider contour intervals for positive values. 7: iii. 8: Any, but iv would be clearest.
Chapter 3
1: Period of 1 day, which equals a frequency of 0.0000115 Hz. 2: (a) Aliasing. (b) Slow forward rotation, slow backward rotation. (c) 45°, 90°, 135°, …. 3: 25Hz, low-pass. 4: The deeper one would have a proportionately wider anomaly. 5: ii, iii. 6: 10 m, 10 m, 90 m, infinity, 110 m. 7: Maxima and minima are, respectively, +4, −4; 2.67, −3; 2.2, −2.6. The most obvious wavelengths are 2 m and about 15 m, but the amplitude of the 2-m wavelength is progressively reduced by the 3- and 5-point filters.
Chapter 4
1: ii. 2: vi. 3: ii (total internal reflection). 4: i. 5: i. 6: 50°: 9; 90°: 13; 98°: 14; 142°: 19.5, 180°: 20, 183°: 20. 7: iv, vii. 8: i. 9: iii. 10: Reflections and refractions at interfaces generate them by wave conversion.
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