One of the most common methods for studying the structure of matter and fundamental particles is to scatter particles and measure the outcome of the collision. For the collision between two particles, the problem is posed such that initially both particles are widely separated and moving towards each other but are assumed to evolve independently of any influence from each other. Then the two particles come within close proximity and interact with each other, resulting in their initial state being altered. Subsequently, the two particles in their altered form separate and some distance away this altered state is measured.
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