In the civil versus uncivil comparison, the group treated with uncivil discourse and the “baseline” group exposed to civil discourse watch a debate between political candidates. In this case, the average treatment effect (ATE) represents the average effect of exposure to debates with different levels of civility. Comparing the untreated control group to the treatment group exposed to uncivil dialogue, on the other hand, captures both the effect of watching a political debate (regardless of civility) and the effect of uncivil discourse.
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