Up to this point, we have been examining data univariately; that is, one variable at a time. We have examined the location, spread, and shape of several variables in the NELS data set, such as socioeconomic status, mathematics achievement, expected income at age 30, and self-concept. Interesting questions often arise, however, that involve the relationship between two variables. For example, using the NELS data set we may be interested in knowing if self-concept relates to socioeconomic status; if gender relates to science achievement in twelfth grade; if sex relates to nursery school attendance; or if math achievement in twelfth grade relates to geographical region of residence.
When we ask whether one variable relates to another, we are really asking about the shape, direction, and strength of the relationship between the two variables.
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