Satellite images, land weather station measurements, and buoy measurements were obtained from the National Climate Data Center at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Radiosonde measurements were obtained from the Earth System Research Laboratory at NOAA. ERA-Interim numerical analyses were obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) after Dee et al. (2011). Infrared transmission spectra were obtained from the Gemini Observatory website after Lord (1992). NASA images were obtained from the Earth Observatory.
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