In this article we study some special problems of the additive number theory connected with an estimate of cardinality of a sum of two sets, which can be convex as well as non-convex sequences.

A two-bridge knot (or link) can be characterized by the so-called Schubert normal form Kp, q where p and q are positive coprime integers. Associated to Kp, q there are the Conway polynomial ▽kp, q(z) and the normalized Alexander polynomial Δkp, q(t). However, it has been open problem how ▽kp, q(z) and Δkp, q(t) are expressed in terms of p and q. In this note, we will give explicit formulae for the Conway polynomials and the normalized Alexander polynomials in the case of two-bridge knots and links. This is done using elementary number theoretical functions in p and q.

In this paper, we generalize the Kučera's group-determinant formulae to obtain the real and relative class number formulae of any subfield of cyclotomic function fields with arbitrary conductor in the form of a product of determinants. From these formulae, we generalize the relative class number formula of Rosen and Bae-Kang and obtain analogous results of Tsumura and Hirabayashi for an intermediate field in the tower of cyclotomic function fields with prime power conductor.

For the purpose of this paper, we call a set of positive reals ν a well-spaced set if there is a c > 0 such that

This article studies the non-homogeneous quadratic Bessel zeta function ζRB(s, v, a), defined as the sum of the squares of the positive zeros of the Bessel function Jv(z) plus a positive constant. In particular, explicit formulas for the main associated zeta invariants, namely, poles and residua ζRB(0, v, a) and ζRB(0, v, a), are given.

In this paper we study the pseudorandom properties of the signs of Kloosterman sums.

We provide a new probabilistic explanation for the appearance of Benford's law in everyday-life numbers, by showing that it arises naturally when we consider mixtures of uniform distributions. Then we connect our result to a result of Flehinger, for which we provide a shorter proof and the speed of convergence.

The set ℳ* of numbers which occur as Mahler measures of integer polynomials and the subset ℳ of Mahler measures of algebraic numbers (that is, of irreducible integer polynomials) are investigated. It is proved that every number α of degree d in ℳ* is the Mahler measure of a separable integer polynomial of degree at most with all its roots lying in the Galois closure F of ℚ(α), and every unit in ℳ is the Mahler measure of a unit in F of degree at most over ℚ This is used to show that some numbers considered earlier by Boyd are not Mahler measures. The set of numbers which occur as Mahler measures of both reciprocal and nonreciprocal algebraic numbers is also investigated. In particular, all cubic units in this set are described and it is shown that the smallest Pisot number is not the measure of a reciprocal number.

Let q be a natural number. When the multiplicative iroup (ℤ/qℤ)* is a cyclic group, its generators are called primitive roots. Note that the generators are also elements with the maximum order if (ℤ/qℤ)* is cyclic. Thus, when (ℤ–qℤ)* is not a cyclic goup, we then call an element with: he maximal possible order a primitive root, which was initially introduced by R. Carmichael [1].

Many generalizations of continued fractions, where the reciprocal function has been replaced by a more general function, have been studied, and it is often asked whether such generalized expansions can have nice properties. For instance, we might ask that algebraic numbers of a given degree have periodic expansions, just as quadratic irrationals have periodic continued fractions; or we might ask that familiar transcendental constants such as e or π have periodic or terminating expansions. In this paper, we show that there exist such generalized continued function expansions with essentially any desired behaviour.

Let A⊆ℕ, let p be a prime and w a word over ℤ pℤ ending with a non-zero digit. The relationship is investigated between the density of A. the length of w and the density of the set of numbers n for which the base p expansion of ends with w0n for some a ∈ A. Also considered is the analogous problem on Pascal's triangle. This leads in particular to answering a question of Granville and Zhu [7] regarding the asymptotic frequency of sums of 3 squares in Pascal's triangle.

In this paper we show that if f (X) ∈; Z [X ] is a nonzero polynomial, then ω(n)/f(n) holds only on a set of n of asymptotic density zero, where for a positive integer n the number ω(n) counts the number of distinct prime factors ofn.

We prove a new formula for the number of integral points on an elliptic curve over a function field without assuming that the coefficient field is algebraically closed. This is an improvement on the standard results of Hindry-Silverman.

An asymptotic formula is established for the number of representations of a large integer as the sum of kth powers of natural numbers, in which each representation is counted with a homogeneous weight that de-emphasises the large solutions. Such an asymptotic formula necessarily fails when this weight is excessively light.

We give a detailed exposition of the theory of decompositions of linearised polynomials, using a well-known connection with skew-polynomial rings with zero derivative. It is known that there is a one-to-one correspondence between decompositions of linearised polynomials and sub-linearised polynomials. This correspondence leads to a formula for the number of indecomposable sub-linearised polynomials of given degree over a finite field. We also show how to extend existing factorisation algorithms over skew-polynomial rings to decompose sub-linearised polynomials without asymptotic cost.

It is proved that there are infinitely many integers n such that n and n + 1 have the same number of distinct prime divisors.

§1. Introduction, By a remarkable result of Erdos and Selfridge [3] in 1975. the diophantine equation

with integers k≥2 and m≥2, has only the trivial solutions. x = −j(j = i, …, m), y = 0. This put an end to the old question whether the product of consecutive positive integers could ever be a perfect power; for a brief account of its history see [7].

Let L/K be an extension of number fields and let be the subgroup of the unit group consisting of the elements that are roots of units of . Denote by (L/K, B) the number of points in with relative height in the sense of Bergé-Martinet at most B. Here ℙ1(L) stands for the one-dimensional projective space over L. In this paper is proved the formula (L/K, B) = CB2 + O(B2−1/[L:Q]), where C is a constant given in terms of invariants of L/K such as the regulators, class number and discriminant.

Let N(ρ; ω) be the number of points of a d-dimensional lattice Γ. where d≥2, inside a ball of radius ρ centred at the point ω. Denote by (ρ) the number N(ρ; ω) averaged over ω in the elementary cell Ω of the lattice Γ. The main result is the following lower bound for for dimensions d ≅ l(mod 4):

The higher Lie characters of the symmetric group Sn arise from the Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt basis of the free associative algebra. They are indexed by the partitions of n and sum up to the regular character of Sn. A combinatorial description of the multiplicities of their irreducible components is given. As a special case the Kraśkiewicz-Weyman result on the multiplicities of the classical Lie character is obtained.