In recent years, a number of high-profile Chinese Christian dissidents, who once championed liberalism, democracy, and constitutionalism in China, have become outspoken supporters of Donald Trump and Christian Nationalism. Complex historical factors led to this change, but this article highlights one important intellectual facet that undergirded many of their arguments for Christian Nationalism. It is a single-origin historical narrative, whereby American freedom came exclusively from Calvinism as testified in the original Westminster Confession and practiced by the New England Puritans. This article traces the historical process through which this single-origin historical narrative was transported from its American roots to contemporary Chinese Christianity. This is a two-part history: the first being the ministry of Charles Chao, Jonathan Chao, and Stephen Tong, who jointly introduced this single-origin narrative to China, and the second being the process through which Yu Jie, an outspoken Chinese Calvinist and Trump supporter, inherited and exaggerated the single-origin narrative. Altogether, this article explores a previously understudied Sino-American connection in the history of contemporary Chinese Christianity.

This article investigates the global history of the population control movement through the case of the relationship between the Italian Association for Demographic Education (AIED) and American philanthropist Clarence J. Gamble. Drawing on archival sources from Italy and the United States, this study examines how international debates on modernization and demographic control intersected with national anxieties surrounding southern Italy’s underdevelopment. Italian activists engaged with international discourses linking population control to modernization, promoting family planning initiatives despite their illegality. Through its collaboration with Gamble, AIED was introduced in a global circulation of cheap contraceptives, an experiment targeting poor and southern women. The article argues that AIED’s persistent connection with Gamble contributed to its growing isolation within international networks by the mid-1960s, as the priorities of Western family planners shifted decisively towards the Global South. By situating the Italian case within these international dynamics, this study offers a new perspective on how national contexts were shaped by the global politics of family planning.

In his second term, President Donald Trump has pushed beyond the limits that have constrained previous presidents, suggesting that he should not be bound by norms, statutes, or constitutional language. The logic of the US Constitution is that majorities are required for change but that it also is necessary to protect minority interests. The system of checks and balances forces most majorities to grow and broaden before they are empowered. The Constitution provides an incentive for public officials to negotiate and compromise. Donald Trump has ignored this constitutional imperative. Instead of persuasion, compromise, and negotiation, he has employed unilateral action.

The Covid-19 pandemic has negatively affected labour markets, among other aspects of life. This study examines the impact of the discouraged worker effect during the pandemic, focusing on the Turkish labour market from 2018 to 2021. Although few studies exist on this topic, they rely on labour force participation rates, whereas our dataset includes direct questions and data specifically related to the discouraged worker effect, allowing for a microeconomic analysis. Probit regression results show that the discouraged worker effect was stronger during the pandemic, with job seekers being 1.6% more likely to become discouraged than before. Higher education levels generally reduce this likelihood, both before and during the pandemic. While age negatively correlates with discouragement, this effect diminishes with increasing age. Single women were more adversely affected than single men and married women than married men. Higher unemployment rates increase discouragement, as expected, while an increase in the unemployment rate has a greater effect on individuals during the pandemic period. Findings suggest that the pandemic had a disproportionate impact on certain individuals, particularly with respect to education level and gender, while Türkiye’s societal structure may help explain the observed gender-based differences.

This study investigated how hormonal induction, female presence, and production system affect sperm quality in Astyanax lacustris across three experiments. In Experiment 1, males and females were kept together in the same recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) before testing. Hormonal induction consistently boosted initial motility and prolonged sperm activity, while female presence offered only a modest benefit to non-induced males and no measurable effect when males were induced. Sperm concentration remained similar across treatments. Experiment 2 evaluated the same factors using broodstock originating from different rearing environments. When males and females came from separate RAS units, hormonal induction again sustained higher motility, and induced males paired with females showed higher sperm concentration than some non-induced groups. In the RAS–biofloc technology (BFT) pairing, hormonal induction maintained motility regardless of female presence; however, in the absence of hormonal induction, both sperm motility and concentration were modulated by the rearing system of females, with non-induced males paired with BFT females exhibiting lower reproductive performance. Overall, hormonal induction proved to be the most reliable strategy for ensuring high semen quality in A. lacustris. Nonetheless, when induction was not applied, male reproductive performance became more sensitive to female origin and rearing environment, highlighting the importance of broodstock compatibility and production system history in reproductive management protocols.

We study the boundedness of the Mordell–Weil rank and the growth of the v-primary part of the Tate–Shafarevich group of p-supersingular abelian varieties of $\mathrm {GL}_2$-type with real multiplication over $\mathbb Z_p$-extensions of number fields, where v is a prime lying above p. Building on the work of Iovita and Pollack in the case of elliptic curves, under precise ramification and splitting conditions on p, we construct explicit systems of local points using the theory of Lubin–Tate formal groups. We then define signed Coleman maps, which in turn allow us to formulate and analyse signed Selmer groups. Assuming these Selmer groups are cotorsion, we prove that the Mordell–Weil groups are bounded over any subextensions of the ${\mathbb Z}_p$-extension and provide an asymptotic formula for the growth of the v-primary part of the Tate–Shafarevich groups. Our results extend those of Kobayashi, Pollack, and Sprung on p-supersingular elliptic curves.

Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] is one of the most common and malignant weeds that seriously affects wheat yield. Investigating its germination ecology and competitive dynamics with wheat is essential for predicting its potential invasion areas and developing effective management strategies. This study evaluated the effects of key environmental factors (pH, temperature, light, salinity, osmotic stress, and burial depth) on the seed germination and emergence of L. perenne ssp. multiflorum, and further quantified the impact of varying weed densities on wheat yield. The results showed that L. perenne ssp. multiflorum exhibits broad adaptability to environmental conditions. Optimal germination (70% to 86%) occurred at constant temperatures of 10 to 25 C. High germination rates (84% to 98%) were sustained across a wide pH range (4 to 10). Germination remained above 50% at osmotic potentials as low as -0.7 MPa. The germination rate of L. perenne ssp. multiflorum decreases with the increase in salt concentration, and was completely inhibited at 300 mM NaCl. Emergence was highest (92%) at 2 cm burial depth, remained above 80% from 0.5 to 6 cm, declined sharply beyond 10 cm, and was negligible at 14 cm. Field experiments demonstrated a density-dependent reduction in wheat yield by competition from L. perenne ssp. multiflorum, primarily through decreased wheat spike density and grains per spike, thereby reducing yield. Increasing wheat sowing density from 67.5 to 202.5 kg ha-1 could significantly mitigate these losses. These findings provide critical insights into the ecological adaptability of L. perenne ssp. multiflorum and its potential impact on agricultural systems, which can inform integrated weed management strategies.

Grey seals, Halichoerus grypus (GSs), inhabit cold temperate and subarctic waters along the North Atlantic Ocean. Individuals of GS can regularly disperse towards southern areas (ca. 38°N–39°N) but occurrence at lower latitudes is exceptional. On 18 February 2022, a 217-cm-long male of GS was detected in waters off the SW Atlantic coast of Spain (37°N), then entered the western Mediterranean Sea and wandered for 15 days until he died. Here, we use gastrointestinal parasites to investigate the geographical origin of the GS and the length of the journey towards Mediterranean waters. Seven helminth taxa were found, namely, the digeneans Ascocotyle septentrionalis and Cryptocoyle lingua, the nematodes Contracaecum osculatum s.s., Anisakis simplex s.s., and A. pegreffii, and the acanthocephalans Corynosoma sp.1 and C. magdaleni (= strumosum) or C. nortmeri. The parasite composition closely resembles that reported in native harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) of the Wadden Sea (ca. 51°–55°N), from where A. septentrionalis is apparently endemic. Considering that (i) A. septentrionalis cannot be acquired out of the Wadden Sea, and (ii) the lifespan and population structure of the parasites found, we infer that the GS came from waters near the Wadden Sea, and the length of the journey was ca. 1 month, with presumably little ingestion of (parasitized) food. To our knowledge, this is the first study using parasites to unveil the geographical mobility of pinnipeds.

Our work brings together three educators – a doctoral student and sessional instructor, a middle years teacher and master’s student, and a university professor – who come to this project from divergent positionalities, ancestries and educational geographies. Across the span of one summer, we engaged in critically reflexive dialogue, sharing field texts including teaching artefacts (syllabi, assignments, lesson plans) and personal writings that map our entangled pedagogical transformations. These stories are not linear narratives of improvement, but rather messy, layered accounts of yearning, grief, contradiction and co-becoming in entangled relational worlds. As we story our experiences, we ask: What does it mean to teach science in ways that resist colonial erasures? How might we reimagine science education as a site of ethical response-ability, rooted in Land, story and ancestral relation? Our inquiry is situated in the Canadian education system, but it resists nationalistic framing by foregrounding Indigenous sovereignties, spiritual geographies and the deep affective currents of learning in stolen land. With the reminder that locating ourselves – through ancestry, land, language and community – is an act of relational accountability; we delve into situated, plural stories that trouble the singularity of “Science” itself.

The field of anthropological archaeology in North America is undergoing significant changes, particularly within academia, with an increased focus on and inclusion of Indigenous perspectives. Concomitant with the reorientation of archaeological practice that centers on Indigenous voices, concerns, and sensibilities is a subsequent reorientation in the training of the next generation of practitioners. This article highlights an example of a collaborative archaeological field school developed by, with, and for the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band, the Amah Mutsun Land Trust, and the University of Oregon. We document the long-term use of collaborative field schools to train the next generation of Tribal and non-Tribal archaeologists in archaeological field methods and collaborative research practices with, for, and by Indigenous communities.

Originalism, the notion that judges should interpret the Constitution according to the meaning it had at the time it was ratified, is usually associated with expanding executive power. I suggest, however, that the opposite is true: originalism means limiting executive power. If we interpret the Constitution as understood at the time it was created, the question is: What was in the collective mind of the Colonists when they wrote and ratified the Constitution? To answer that question, I return to “the most famous sermon preached in pre-Revolutionary America”—Jonathan Mayhew’s 1750 A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission and Non-Resistance to the Higher Powers: with some reflections on the resistance made to King Charles. In this sermon, read as John Adams says, “by everybody,” Mayhew, thoroughly schooled in Republican thought and English constitutionalism, proposed that “unlimited submission” does not exist, and that the monarch’s powers are always limited. I conclude by drawing parallels between Mayhew’s descriptions of Charles I’s crimes and President Donald Trump’s actions since his second election.

In recent years, mobile GIS systems have become essential tools for the real-time management and recording of archaeological data, particularly in archaeological survey projects. This article explores their potential for the real-time digital management of archaeological excavations and presents a practical application. One of the main limitations to the use of mobile GIS applications in archaeological excavation has been that global navigation satellite system receivers embedded in mobile devices do not provide the necessary accuracy for detailed stratigraphic documentation. The free and open-source mobile GIS application QField offers a possible solution to this problem. Because of the Bluetooth connection with external differential global navigation satellite system receivers, QField achieves the high accuracy required by stratigraphic excavation workflows. At the same time, because it shares the core libraries of QGIS, QField supports the development of a real-time excavation GIS environment, in which each stratigraphic unit is uniquely encoded and becomes the focus of the digital data acquisition process.

Let M be a compact three-dimensional Riemannian manifold with non-negative Ricci curvature and a non-empty boundary $\partial M$. Fraser and Li [2] established a compactness theorem for the space of compact, properly embedded minimal surfaces of fixed topological type in M with a free boundary on $\partial M$, assuming that $\partial M$ is strictly convex with respect to the inward unit normal. In this paper, we show that the strict convexity condition on $\partial M$ cannot be relaxed.

Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) is rapidly invading southern Oman, posing growing challenges to agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods in Dhofar’s crop–livestock systems. This study assesses its agronomic and socioeconomic impacts using field surveys and a stratified household survey of 40 farms conducted between June and August 2022. Data was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to examine the relationships between farmer characteristics, infestation levels, weed management practices, and farm revenue. Results indicate that while most farmers are aware of P. hysterophorus, limited recognition at early growth stages delays control and increases management costs. Education (β = 1.009, p = 0.06), cultivated area (β = 1.033, p = 0.003), and chemical control expenditures (β = 0.295, p = 0.05) were positively associated with gross revenue, whereas age had a negative effect (β = −0.762, p = 0.08). Infestation significantly increased labour-intensive weeding costs (β = 2.072, p = 0.07) but reduced chemical use (β = −1.303, p = 0.032), indicating substitution toward manual control. Although time spent uprooting reduced infestation levels (β = −0.128, p = 0.001), it also increased weeding and chemical control costs, highlighting the financial burden of relying on manual methods. Crop-specific analysis showed heterogeneous vulnerability, with peas more affected than wheat and tomato. Overall, the findings demonstrate that P. hysterophorus imposes measurable income and welfare risks on farming households. These impacts can be mitigated through farmer education, early detection, and judicious chemical use within an integrated weed management framework. Strengthening extension services and promoting crop-specific interventions are essential for protecting rural livelihoods and food security in arid, invasion-prone farming systems.