This article proposes a framework for considering recorded sounds in electroacoustic music, focusing specifically on their physical connection to real-world sources. This is achieved through an intermedial model, whereby ontological discussions from the field of photography are transposed to the sonic arts. It analyses the concepts of indexicality and the trace – fundamental to the writings of photographic theorists including Bazin, Barthes and Gunning – and applies them to the medium of recorded sound. The discussion establishes a means of considering source sounds primarily based on physical causality rather than resemblance and metaphor. By framing the recording process as a direct indexical link to the source equivalent to the photographic image, the article offers a novel way to analyse and compose abstract electroacoustic works that retain a tangible connection to reality.

Climate change is likely to increase the frequency, severity, and duration of heat waves in many countries. To plan mitigation, adaptation, and resilience strategies, it is necessary to quantify heat wave risk at both the local level and the country level. A new, more granular methodology is proposed in order to integrate the impact of heat waves in hexagonal France on mortality with a short-term stress scenario. Based on open data and reproducible methodology, the approach can be used as a starting point to investigate other effects, such as urban heat islands. The present application is based on in situ observational weather data and environmental vulnerability data to construct adapted geographical clusters without relying on the administrative division of the territory. Excess mortality is modeled as a function of weather using machine learning. Using recent knowledge of climatology, we construct extreme weather scenarios to calculate a shock to mortality. Short-term shocks are compared, and their respective merits are discussed. The methodology has been shown to generate mortality shocks up to five times greater than those estimated by the French regulatory authority.

We introduce the concept of a viable generically Gorenstein toroidal crossing (ggtc) space $Y$. This generalizes the concept of Gorenstein toroidal crossing scheme, which in turn generalizes that of a simple normal crossing scheme. On such a space $Y$, we define a sheaf $\mathcal{LS}_Y$, intrinsic to $Y$, by means of an explicit construction. Our main theorem establishes a bijection between the set $\operatorname {LS}_{k^\dagger } (Y)$ of isomorphism classes of log structures on $Y$ over the log point $\operatorname {Spec} k^\dagger$ that are compatible with the ggtc structure and the set $\Gamma (Y,\mathcal{LS}_Y^\times )$ of nowhere-vanishing global sections of $\mathcal{LS}_Y$. The definition of $\mathcal{LS}_Y$ by explicit construction permits the effective construction of log structures on $Y$; it also enables logarithmic birational geometry, in particular the construction, in some cases, of resolutions of singular log structures. Our work generalizes [Gross and Siebert, J. Differential Geom. 72 (2006), 169–338, Theorem 3.22], adapting the original proof with techniques from the theory of $2$-groups and local line bundle systems.

Can economic crises erode ethno-racial solidarity? This study examines linked fate, the belief that one’s life is intertwined with others, during the 2008 recession. Using 2004–2016 American National Election Studies data, we apply time-series analysis to test the racial utility heuristic among Black and Latino respondents. Linked fate declines after the recession, continuing through 2012, but the effect is statistically significant only for Black respondents. Financial hardship shows no direct association with linked fate, yet group trends vary by income and education. These findings suggest that while linked fate may be resilient to individual economic strain, macroeconomic downturns can selectively weaken group-based political cohesion.

The present article focuses on five recent Japanese-language research monographs on the history of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC), authored respectively by Eda Kenji, Mishina Hidenori, Zhou Jun, Takahashi Nobuo, and Suzuki Takashi. The books cover a wide span, reaching from the history of the early years of the CCP through the Communist-Nationalist civil war era, the early years after the founding of the People’s Republic, the implementation of the Great Leap Forward policy, the Cultural Revolution, and until the contemporary Xi Jinping regime. Based on a joint review workshop held at the Institute for Research in the Humanities at Kyoto University in 2025, the article discusses the contributions of the five books and the perspectives of their respective reviewers.

When hearing a label for a visible object, toddlers are also exposed to the visual context surrounding it. Our study investigates the role of the variability of this context during fast mapping in young children. Specifically, we compare word learning in French-learning fourteen- and nineteen-month-olds (N = 41) using visually distinct and identical object pictures in a fast mapping eye-tracking paradigm. The results show a learning effect only in the visually distinct condition. This suggests that toddlers benefit from a variability in visual context during word learning in this crucial developmental period of early lexical acquisition.

This study estimated the incidence rate (IR), case fatality rate (CFR), healthcare resource utilization, and costs of pneumococcal disease before and after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into Taiwan’s childhood immunization programme (CIP) in 2015. Adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumonia from 2011 to 2019 were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Baseline and trend of IRs were compared between pre-introduction (2011–2014) and post-introduction (2016–2019) of PCV13 using interrupted time series analyses and incidence rate ratio (IRR). Annual IRs for IPD and pneumonia ranged from 1.59 to 1.82 and 3.91 to 4.47 episodes per 100,000 person-years in the pre-PCV13 period, respectively. In the post-PCV13 period, they ranged from 1.23 to 1.37 and 3.20 to 3.95 episodes per 100,000 person-years, respectively. There was a significantly lower baseline IR in the post-PCV13 period for both IPD (IRR = 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.63, 0.93]) and pneumonia (IRR = 0.87; 95% CI: [0.77, 0.98]). However, a marginal increase in the trend of IR was observed during the post-PCV13 period for both IPD (IRR = 1.02; 95% CI: [1.00, 1.03]) and pneumonia (IRR = 1.02; 95% CI: [1.01, 1.03]). Estimated CFRs were lower in the post-PCV13 period for both diseases. The clinical burden remains substantial after the introduction of PCV13 into Taiwan’s CIP.

Se presentan evidencias de la cadena operativa alfarera de la fase Cabuza del valle de Azapa, norte de Chile, detallando materias primas con microscopía óptica (n = 130) y mineralogía (n = 40), para ahondar en su relación con el estado altiplánico de Tiwanaku. Las técnicas de manufactura y el uso de las vasijas, junto con los grupos mineralógicos modelados, han sido contrastados con las categorías estilísticas establecidas, redefiniendo nuevos grupos estilístico-tecnológicos. Dos grupos mineralógicos agrupan los estilos Cabuza (Min1) y Tiwanaku (Min2), congregándose en tres clústeres según los modelos bayesianos: C1 y C3 (Min1) y C2 (Min2). Min1 tiene una mezcla natural de componentes máficos presentes en las variantes Cabuza C1-Cab A1 y C3-Cab A1, como también en el estilo local Maytas (C1-Maytas) y en cerámicas Tiwanaku locales de C3 con pastas grisáceas (Munsell 7,5YR 2,5/2 – 4/3) y con decoración Cabuza (C3-Tiw/Cab); además de cerámicas Tiwanaku B de cocción oxidante (C3-Tiw/oxi). Este conjunto sería local y diferente a Min2 y C2 que agrupan las variantes Tiwanaku con pasta gris (C2-Tiw/gris) y con cocción oxidante (C2-Tiw/oxi), además de cerámicas Tumilaca sin uso (C2-Tumilaca). La discusión de estas categorías estilístico-tecnológicas sugiere que las prácticas alfareras de la fase Cabuza son post-colapso de Tiwanaku.