This article investigates the extent to which American Muslims express solidarity with Black-led social movements, focusing on the 2020 Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. American Muslims occupy a unique position in the US social landscape as a faith-based group that is racialized and frequently experiences surveillance and subjugation when encountering US law enforcement. Using data from two nationally representative online panel surveys of American Muslims conducted in 2020—the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding survey and the Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey—this study finds that Muslims report relatively higher levels of support for BLM compared to other religious groups (e.g., Christian and Jewish) and other ethnoracial groups (e.g., Latinos and Asian Americans). These findings provide further insight into American Muslims and their linkage to Black social movements, given the role of Black communities—particularly Black Muslims—in shaping the social foundations and political mobilization of American Islam. This research contributes to ongoing conversations about interminority group relations amid a shifting democracy in the United States.

Techniques using multiple tracers of the large scale structure of the universe show great promise for examining the fundamentals of our Universe’s cosmology. Such techniques rely on the different relationship between the overdensity of tracers and the broader matter overdensity, enabling cosmic-variance-free tests of primordial non-Gaussianity in the initial curvature perturbations. There is a great opportunity for current and future all-sky extra-galactic radio surveys to make use of this technique to test for non-Gaussianity at a precision greater than existing all-sky constraints from the cosmic microwave background. To realise this goal, there is a need for accurate simulations. Previous radio galaxy simulations have either been realistic but covering only a small area (and so unhelpful for cosmological forecasts), or all-sky dark matter only cosmological simulations but having no connection to a real radio galaxy population. In this study, we use the FLAMINGO suite of cosmological surveys, as well as the matching of dark matter halos to radio galaxy population, to create an accurate sky simulation in order to examine the feasibility of multi-tracer techniques. We present an analysis of the clustering (with a bias model for the simulation), as well as redshift distributions, source counts and radio luminosity functions, and discuss future work on non-Gaussianity detection.

On 14 November 2025, the High Court of England and Wales handed down judgment in the largest environmental mass tort in UK history: the group claim by more than 600,000 Brazilian victims of the 2015 collapse of the Fundão tailings dam against the mining giant BHP Group. In Município de Mariana v BHP Group, the Court found BHP (through its UK and Australian-listed parent companies) liable on both strict liability and negligence grounds under Brazilian law.1

This contribution argues that the practice of data provenance developed in critical research on artificial intelligence (AI), especially around publicly accessible data documentation, could inform a more transparent practice of provenance in archives. To set the ground for this cross-field exchange, I trace frameworks related to provenance, first from archival studies and then from AI/machine learning (ML). I ask how these frameworks overlap and diverge and how they have “flowed” or been assimilated into and adopted by the other field. I show how archival theories have been animated in documenting data in the context of AI and ML, including through documentation frameworks like Datasheets for Datasets, and then reverse that flow of knowledge, arguing that a practice of provenance developed in AI could forward some of the evolving goals of archival provenance, including those related to traceability and transparency.

This article examines the emergence of a new politics of vision shaped by the generative capacities of contemporary AI. It argues that generative technologies craft a distinct visual order, one that enables subtle yet devastating forms of harm through anticipation, projection, and the symbolic manipulation of the future by means of visual pre-enactment. I conceptualize this as speculative violence: a form of harm that does not depict bloodshed or explicit brutality but nonetheless embeds erasure and annihilation within the frictionless aesthetic of machine-generated futures. Speculative violence arises when generative AI is mobilized for its forward-oriented capacities in politically charged contexts, enabling images of possible futures to act upon the present; while not limited to war zones, this article focuses on the Israel–Palestine context for reasons of scope. It shows how, by giving visual form to what has not yet occurred, AI contributes to normalize the disappearance of populations and the destruction of places, stripping politically inflammatory ideas of their shock by rendering them aesthetically plausible. A striking instance is the “Riviera of the Middle East” video, circulated by Donald Trump in February 2025, whose synthetic fantasy of Gaza as a luxury resort visually anticipated – and helped normalize – the logic later formalized in policy proposals, such as the G.R.E.A.T. initiative and the 20-Point Peace Plan. More broadly, the article argues that generative AI functions as archival technology. Far from merely recalling past data, it generates speculative futures that accrue into a future archive: a corpus of synthetic images that shape political discourse and collective perception by visually scripting what should be imagined as likely, desirable or inevitable. In examining this archive, the article illuminates how generative AI transforms political imagination into an aestheticized form of world-making, with profound implications for contemporary regimes of power and violence.

Acute malnutrition (wasting) remains a global public health problem. Ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF) and supplemental foods (RUSF) for treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), respectively, come in the form of macro- and micronutrient-dense pastes. These lipid-dense treatments provide the energy and nutrients needed to support growth but have significant rates of relapse. Their role in reversing pathophysiological contributors to malnutrition, such as intestinal barrier dysfunction, intestinal dysbiosis, and systemic inflammation have not been evaluated. Traditional lipid-dense RUTFs and RUSFs are rich in pro-inflammatory omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) but low in anti-inflammatory omega-3 PUFAs, which could fuel malnutrition-related pathological inflammation. We reasoned that reduced dietary omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs and increased dietary long-chain omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs found in fish oil would reduce malnutrition-related pathological inflammation. In an established mouse model of MAM, we observed that altering the dietary n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio through replacing dietary corn oil with fish oil improved the diversity and composition of the caecal microbiota, improved intestinal mucosal barrier and immune defence, reduced translocation of bacteria and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and dampened systemic inflammation. Furthermore, dietary fish oil protected against weight loss upon systemic challenge with bacterial LPS. The anti-inflammatory effects of dietary fish oil did not compromise host defence against challenge with the intestinal pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. Collectively, these results suggest that dietary fish oil blunts inflammation that contributes to the pathogenesis of MAM. Inclusion of fish oil in dietary interventions may be beneficial in prevention or reduction of malnutrition-associated inflammation.

This study explores how preservice social studies teachers conceive ecological citizenship and evaluates a curriculum-embedded ecological citizenship model intended to cultivate environmentally responsible citizens. Employing a grounded theory approach, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis, with concurrent coding and comparative analysis guiding model development. Participants articulated ecological consciousness as the core category, supported by related themes of a liveable world, a beacon of hope, future generations’ welfare and holistic perspectives on nature. The resultant model identifies families and schools as joint stewards of ecological citizenship, beginning with foundational environmental education at home and extending into targeted social studies activities. The refined ecological citizenship model elucidates how its components – rights, justice, responsibility and participation – progressively foster environmental action and tangible improvements. The study concludes with recommendations for embedding ecological citizenship within teacher education and, school curricula, offering guidance on assessment strategies such as reflective journals and pre–post evaluations to monitor both behavioural and ecological outcomes. This concise framework provides conceptual clarity and actionable guidance for educators and curriculum designers.

Hysterothylacium thalassini third-stage larvae (L3), commonly found in marine fish, are known to induce liver injury, oxidative stress, and immune disturbances when transmitted to mammalian hosts. This study investigated the pathological effects of purified crude extracts derived from fresh, heat-treated, and frozen L3 larvae on liver function, oxidative status, and immune responses in a murine model. Thirty Saurida tumbil fish were examined for L3 larvae, which were processed under three conditions: fresh (24 ± 2 °C for 60 min), heat-treated (100 °C for 60 min), and frozen (−20 °C for 24 h). Twenty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated into four groups and inoculated with larval extracts at a 14-day interval. Mice exposed to fresh larval extracts exhibited significant weight loss, elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), hyperglycemia, and reduced total protein levels, alongside severe hepatic damage characterized by necrosis and inflammatory infiltration. Antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and SOD) were markedly decreased, whereas oxidative stress markers (NO and H₂O₂) were increased. Additionally, there was significant upregulation of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-10 gene expression, accompanied by elevated iNOS, IL-10, and IgE protein levels, indicating strong inflammatory and Th2-type immune responses. In contrast, extracts from heat-treated and frozen larvae resulted in attenuated pathological effects, including improved liver function, reduced oxidative stress, and moderated immune responses. These findings demonstrate that untreated L3 larval extracts exert pronounced hepatotoxic and immunomodulatory effects, while thermal and freezing treatments significantly reduce their pathogenicity and support immune homeostasis, highlighting potential strategies to mitigate parasite-induced host damage.

It is a pleasure to introduce this roundtable‚ based on papers from the International Conference of Three Societies on Literature and Science held at the University of Birmingham in 2024 under the auspices of “Health Humanities,” a variant term for Medical Humanities.1 It is a century since “Medical” and “Humanities” first came together in this singular expression that initially referred to scholarly work spanning the borderlands between medicine, medical history, literature, art, and philosophy.2

War was an important, and underappreciated, force circulating global goods into and around early modern Britain. Capture at sea brought millions of pounds of merchandise into the British Isles, offering new groups of consumers new ways of participating in the expanding world of things. By tracing the presence in early modern Britain of paintings from colonial Spanish America, we better appreciate the economic, social, and cultural significance of maritime predation. We also identify new sources to explore the early modern world of goods, from the Admiralty records that document these captures, to literary celebrations of patriotic sea-dogs seizing Spanish treasure galleons, and family legends attributing a pirate provenance to Spanish American artworks. We should, in short, pay more attention to the role of war and violence in setting early modern goods in motion.

Few frameworks are currently available to assess the flows of ecosystem services (ESs) and disservices (EDSs) from and into livestock farming systems (LFSs). We estimated these flows using the Barn, a graphical tool designed to represent the integration of LFS into their surrounding landscapes. This tool uses bi-directional arrows to depict flows of multiple types of ES and EDS. Based on five contrasting lamb meat systems, we estimated that the flows of ES that support lamb meat production, such as the provision of forage and nitrogen fixation, were often associated with EDS, such as wolf predation or rodent outbreaks. These EDSs were particularly detrimental for the LFS that depended more on ES than on external inputs. We also observed that few operational indicators exist for quantifying EDS. The results show that deriving benefits from ecosystems implies interacting closely with the environment, which can generate disadvantages. This result also reveals a trade-off between ES and EDS, which has received little attention so far. This highlights the need to better assess and mitigate EDS, to prevent them from hindering the transition toward more sustainable practices that aim to reduce external inputs.

Are scientists incentivized to share intermediate results? Some recent work has argued that credit-maximizing scientists would share intermediate results, whereas other work has argued that sharing too much too quickly can hinder a community’s achievement of epistemic goals. This suggests a tradeoff between scientists’ credit-based self-interest and what is epistemically best. We make this tradeoff explicit in an agent-based NK landscape model, where credit-maximizing scientists face a prisoner’s dilemma due to collective epistemic and credit benefits from withholding. Multiple coders independently implemented the model, leading us to identify several coding errors. We reflect on this code comparison experience.

Since 2021, the Armenian Red Cross Society (ARCS) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) have been jointly implementing a community-based mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) programme. The intervention targets border communities and people from Karabakh affected by the 2020 Karabakh conflict and subsequent escalations. Implemented collaboratively by partners of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the programme reflects a locally grounded and cooperative approach. At the time of writing, the ICRC and ARCS have reached more than 6,000 individuals in more than 100 communities through the programme.

The present study aims to explore how this comprehensive, community-based MHPSS intervention contributes to strengthening the resilience of individuals in the aftermath of the conflict and within a context of recurrent violence. A representative sample of 341 participants was selected from a total of 3,000 adult men and women who took part in the MHPSS group sessions during 2024 and 2025, and a fully quantitative approach was applied to assess participants’ levels of resilience, quality of life and perceived changes following their participation in the MHPSS programme. Outcomes from these three scales, along with analysis of correlations, helped address the question of the effectiveness of the intervention in building resilience. The results suggest that the programme’s community-based MHPSS approach may contribute to strengthening resilience and may represent an effective model that could be adapted to other contexts facing conflict and ongoing violence.

This Research Paper tested the hypothesis that the dietary inclusion of a fermentation product of Aspergillus niger (ANP), alone, or in combination with a mannan-rich fraction (MRF) derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall, would enhance dairy calf performance and rumen variables. Thirty Holstein–Friesian bull calves (age 19 ± 5 days) were obtained from a single farm and randomly assigned according to days of age to one of three dietary treatment groups and one of two cull dates, experimental day 27 (immediately prior to weaning) or experimental day 70. Dietary treatment groups were: CTRL, no treatment; ANP, 3 g/day ANP; MRF, 3 g/day ANP and 2 g/day MRF. Calves were housed and fed individually and had ad libitum access to starter concentrates, water, and straw. Throughout the trial, ANP calves consumed a greater quantity of solid starter feed than CTRL and MRF calves. Body weight, average daily gain, apparent total tract dry matter digestibility and faecal scores were unaffected by treatment. Calves fed ANP and MRF had improved feed conversion efficiency compared with CTRL in some weeks, but this was not consistent throughout the pre-weaned and weaned periods. Calves fed MRF had a decreased acetate to propionate ratio compared with CTRL pre-weaning, and ANP had a lower acetate to propionate ratio and higher propionate proportion of total VFA compared with CTRL post-weaning. At both culling timepoints, ANP and MRF had thicker stratum basale, stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum in their rumen papillae compared with CTRL. The inclusion of ANP and ANP + MRF could favourably alter rumen fermentation and increase the metabolic and absorptive capacity of papillae in transition stage dairy calves but no consistent effects of treatment on calf growth or feed efficiency were observed in this trial.