We analyze the average behavior of various arithmetic functions at the values of degree $d$ binary forms ordered by height, with probability $1$. This approach yields averaged versions of the Chowla conjecture and the Bateman–Horn conjecture for random binary forms. Furthermore, we show that the rational Hasse principle holds for almost all Châtelet varieties defined by a fixed norm form of degree $e$ and by varying binary forms of fixed degree $d$, provided $e$ divides $d$. This proves an average version of a conjecture of Colliot-Thélène.

The quality and quantity of nutrition are well-established factors influencing health. However, research on circadian rhythms has revealed that the timing of nutrition is also crucial, as highlighted by the concept of time-restricted feeding (TRF). In laboratory animals, TRF involves limiting daily energy intake to a consistent window of 8-12 hours. This approach has been shown to mitigate, and in some cases reverse, the negative metabolic impacts of an obesogenic diet. Specifically, under such diets, TRF has been found to reduce body weight and adiposity, enhance liver, heart, and gut health, improve glucose tolerance and blood pressure, decrease the severity of neurodegenerative diseases, and preserve muscle mass and function. When animals are fed a balanced diet, TRF does not lead to significant weight loss but modestly extends lifespan. Moreover, when combined with calorie restriction, TRF can significantly increase median lifespan. Thus, TRF can work synergistically with optimal nutrition quality and quantity to enhance health. The underlying mechanisms of TRF are being uncovered through studies in mice and fruit flies. These studies systematically examine mRNA, proteins, and metabolites during the fed and fasted states of TRF, shedding light on the genes and pathways modulated by TRF in major metabolic organs, including the liver, heart, muscle, adipose tissue, and gut. The aim of this review is to present the experiments that established time-restricted feeding as a time-based nutritional intervention for health improvement and to summarize key molecular, physiological, and metabolic findings from animal studies.

We present a simplified approach to the stable Hopf invariant. We provide short elementary proofs of the Cartan formula, the composition formula, and the transfer formula. In addition, when $\pi$ is a discrete group, we show how to extend these results to the stable category of $\pi$-spaces. We also consider the extent to which the stable Hopf invariant is unique.

Dynamic systems for in vitro embryo production (IVEP) have long been sought to allow a higher resemblance to the physiological conditions of the oviduct and uterus. Although significant progress has been demonstrated in the microfluidic field, some challenges are still present regarding the microfluidic devices’ sterilization protocol. This complication is related to the leached components from the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The PDMS is one of the safest materials used in soft lithography for embryo production. However, the use of moulds required for soft lithography can compromise embryo culture. This limitation arises from the restricted range of biocompatible resins available for 3D-printing of moulds. While the replacement of the biomaterial for mould production is not a straightforward option, we hypothesized that PDMS devices fabricated from such moulds could be rendered biocompatible through an optimized cleaning protocol. In this current study, we evaluated the effectiveness of sequential washes, sonication, and extended incubation in washing solutions. Our results demonstrate that a prior incubation of the PDMS devices in PBS supplemented with antibiotics and antifungal (at 4°C for 48 hours), in addition to the incubation in IVC medium (at 38.5°C for 48 hours), enables bovine embryo development within PDMS devices fabricated with moulds from a 3D printer. This optimized protocol supported IVEP at rates equivalent to standard conditions, with no increase in apoptosis or oxidative stress, validating its suitability for artificial reproductive techniques applications.

We establish thresholds for the feasibility of random multi-graph alignment in two models. In the Gaussian model, we demonstrate an ‘all-or-nothing’ phenomenon: above a critical threshold, exact alignment is achievable with high probability, while below it, even partial alignment is statistically impossible. In the sparse Erdös–Rényi model, we rigorously identify a threshold below which no meaningful partial alignment is possible and conjecture that above this threshold, partial alignment can be achieved. To prove these results, we develop a general Bayesian estimation framework over metric spaces, which provides insight into a broader class of high-dimensional statistical problems.

In the first decades of the twentieth century, pianos were ubiquitous across the world. Drawing on ongoing conversations on the role of the instrument as a site of transcultural encounter, this article expands these discussions by tracing the connections embedded in pianos’ materials – specifically ivory, one of the primary components for the construction of piano keyboards. This article shows that this commodity mediated a series of exchanges between environmental and musical cultures, as well as between East Africa, Europe, and the United States. From the warehouses of European and American traders in Zanzibar to ivory auction houses in London and Antwerp, and from these sites to American keyboard factories and consumers’ homes, piano ivory enabled differentiated experiences of a globalizing world, revealing hitherto unexamined entanglements between music, capitalism, and transatlantic encounters.

Practices such as “p-hacking” or “fishing” are widely regarded as epistemically pernicious, raising a puzzle. If two researchers generate identical data sets, why should it matter that one “fished” for the result whereas the other predicted it? Some respond to this puzzle by abandoning the Principle of Total Evidence (PTE), proposing that we exclude “tainted” data or weaken our descriptions of evidence. I argue that such departures are unnecessary and counterproductive. The most common forms of p-hacking are pernicious precisely because they violate PTE. For the remaining cases, I demonstrate that suppressing evidence leads to absurd results.

This research aims to analyze the origins and the processes of self-identification and hetero identification of the communities in Dobruja (Romania) identified from the outside perspective as Muslim Roma. Self-image and the image of Others are processes analyzed from the perspective of ethnicity theories as put forward by Richard Jenkins, who distinguishes between social categorization as an external defining process and group identification, as an internal process, generated from inside the group.

Firstly, we explored which groups were placed in a position of external authority, and the practices used by them to impose on some groups an identity and a social label disconnected from the self-identification discourse. Secondly, we listened to the voice of these groups, examining their self-identification processes, including their motivations for their choice of one ethnic or ethno-religious identity or another.

In terms of methodology, the research is based on the interpretation of information obtained via qualitative methods: semi-structured and life history interviews, conducted with members of the communities who define themselves as Millet, Turkish Tinsmiths, and Davulcu, with the Romanian majority group and other local significant ethnic groups, on participative observation, and not last, on informal talks in seven urban communities in the region.

Active flutter suppression (AFS) is currently one of the most prolific areas of research within the aeroelasticity domain, driven by advances in computational capabilities and the increasing importance of weight reduction in the aerospace industry. The rapid progress of AFS, coupled with the growing need for flutter control in non-conventional aircraft, underscores the need for an up-to-date review in this field. This paper presents a systematic review of recent AFS advances, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure traceability and updatability. The review reveals two dominant research trends: the development of increasingly sophisticated control algorithms for conventional control-surface-based AFS, and the application of technologically mature algorithms to alternative control strategies, including morphing technologies and flow- and vibration-based solutions. A comprehensive classification of AFS algorithms is proposed to support the selection of suitable control approaches for different applications, and the advantages and limitations of alternative control strategies are critically discussed. The analysis identifies the synthesis of novel algorithms tailored to non-traditional control strategies, the exploration of multi-actuated and spanwise-deformable morphing wings and the extension of AFS studies to transonic, supersonic and hypersonic flight regimes as key research gaps. The need for full-aircraft models, experimental validation and the development of reference test cases for objective algorithm comparison is also highlighted.

Let C be a smooth projective curve defined over ${\overline {\mathbb Q}}$, let $\pi :\mathcal {E}\longrightarrow C$ be an elliptic surface and let $\sigma _{P_1},\sigma _{P_2},\sigma _{Q}$ be sections of $\pi $ (corresponding to points $P_1,P_2, Q$ of the generic fibre E of $\mathcal {E}$). We obtain a precise characterisation, expressed solely in terms of the dynamical relations between the points $P_1,P_2,Q$ with respect to the endomorphism ring of E, so that there exist infinitely many $\lambda \in C({\overline {\mathbb Q}})$ with the property that $[m_{i,\lambda }](\sigma _{{P_{i}}}(\lambda ))=\sigma _{Q}(\lambda )$ (for $i=1,2$) for some nonzero integers $m_{1,\lambda },m_{2,\lambda }$, on the smooth fibre $E_\lambda $ of $\mathcal {E}$.