This paper investigates the dynamic effects of environmental and fiscal policy shocks in a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model featuring price and wage rigidity and a polluting intermediate goods sector. I compare carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems under abatement cost and government spending shocks, considering three revenue-recycling schemes: lump-sum transfers, labor tax cuts, and consumption tax cuts. Abatement cost shocks reduce output and consumption, with stronger effects under cap-and-trade due to rising permit prices. These effects are mitigated when revenues are used to reduce distortionary taxes, especially consumption taxes. Government spending shocks stimulate output and labor, particularly under lump-sum financing, but their expansionary effects are dampened under cap-and-trade. Nominal rigidities amplify these dynamics. The findings support the double dividend hypothesis and highlight the importance of fiscal design and policy coordination. Carbon taxes, combined with targeted tax reductions, offer superior macroeconomic stabilization in the face of environmental and fiscal shocks.

This article explores the interplay between the individual and the collective in The Blind Owl and illustrates how a distinctive historical perspective emerges from its complex allegorical form. A close reading of the novel reveals how the text superimposes biographical and cultural pasts through the juxtaposition of sexual fetishism and nostalgia, presenting both as symptoms of a fraught relationship with one’s infantile and cultural histories. The article reads The Blind Owl as a satirical critique of a figure whose conflicting desires to commemorate and forget the past drive a series of fetishistic behaviors, culminating in failure. Ultimately, the novel offers a cynical reflection on the nationalist nostalgia cultivated by traditionalist intelligentsia within the peripheral modernity of early twentieth-century Iran.

The objective was to identify the predictive markers and develop a diagnostic model with predictive markers for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and investigate the roles of immune cells in the disease pathology. Microarray datasets of PD and control samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We then performed a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional enrichment, and protein-protein interactions to pinpoint a set of promising candidate genes. To establish a diagnosis model for PD, we utilized machine learning algorithms and evaluated the corresponding diagnostic performance using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Additionally, the differential abundance of immune cell subsets between PD and control samples was evaluated using the single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) method. A total of 264 DEGs were identified in GSE72267. The PPI network ultimately identified 30 hub genes for model construction. Seven genes, namely CD79B, CD40, CCR9, ADRA2A, SIGLEC1, FLT3LG, and THBD, were identified as diagnostic markers for PD, with an AUC of 0.870. This seven-gene signature model was subsequently validated in an independent cohort (GSE22491), demonstrating an AUC of 0.825. Ultimately, the infiltration of 28 immune cells showed that activated B cells, natural killer T cells, and regulatory T cells may contribute to the occurrence and progression of PD. We also found complex associations between these genes and immune cells. CD79B, CD40, CCR9, ADRA2A, SIGLEC1, FLT3LG, and THBD were identified as diagnostic markers for PD, and the infiltration of immune cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Existing research often interprets the limited impact of candidate gender on vote choice as evidence of minimal gender bias in politics. However, this overlooks the dual role of candidate gender, as both a heuristic for substantive representation and a trigger for sexism in voter decision-making. These competing mechanisms can diminish the effects of each other, obscuring the true influence of gender bias in electoral behavior. Using conjoint experiments in South Korea, a context where gender issues are highly politicized and sexism remains widespread, we examine how candidate gender affects voter evaluations in low- and high-information environments. Our findings reveal that in low-information settings, candidate gender serves as a cue for substantive representation, leading to co-sex voting among women, while simultaneously activating hostile sexism among male voters, reducing support for female candidates. In high-information settings, explicit candidate policy positions diminish the reliance on gender cues but do not eliminate gender bias. Instead, sexism manifests through opposition to gender-equity policies rather than direct discrimination against female candidates. These results suggest that information environments shape the expression of gender bias, rather than eliminating it, offering a more nuanced understanding of the conditions under which candidate gender influences electoral preferences.

We theorize on how and when CEO humility positively shapes stakeholders’ evaluations of a firm. We posit that CEO humility has a positive effect on organizational virtuousness and, hence, on firm reputation in the eyes of the government in China when the firm is intensively connected to government intermediaries. Data for this study were collected from a large-scale on-site survey and archives of 195 firms in 32 Chinese industrial towns. Our 1,099 respondents included 975 top managers and 124 local government officers. Empirical analysis results support our theory. We also complemented our quantitative findings with qualitative evidence. We offer a new perspective for understanding humble CEOs’ influence and condition in shaping their firms’ reputational judgments.

An observational pilot in walk-in clinics assessed workflow impacts of personal protective equipment (PPE) use for COVID-19 cases. PPE added time, waste, and cost despite a low incidence period of illness. Limited supporting data for contact transmission and operational barriers suggest ambulatory PPE guidance for COVID-19 warrants modification.

Exchange rate manipulation—the active devaluation of a currency through intervention in the foreign exchange market—is a frequent trigger of international disputes. Yet it is not an obvious policy choice: as a blunt tool to boost export competitiveness, it is disliked by citizens and importers because of the loss of purchasing power it entails, and because it benefits those with investment abroad at the expense of those with savings at home. It is thus notable that a group of East Asian countries, from Japan and Korea to Thailand, undertake frequent and often large interventions to devalue their currencies. What explains their policy choice? We provide evidence that exchange rate depreciations are undertaken at the behest of export industries. Because lobbying activities in East Asian countries are not directly observable, we focus on Japan and Korea and construct a proxy measure of lobbying by exporters, drawing on news reports. We use machine learning to scale daily reports of industry demands in the two leading financial newspapers, the Japanese Nihon Keizai Shimbun and, in a robustness check, the Korean Hankyung, over twenty-five years. We find evidence that mounting public pressure by organized economic interest groups precedes intervention and induces currency depreciation.

Philosophical practice has emerged as a transformative discipline that bridges theoretical inquiry and everyday life. Originating in the late 20th century, the field integrates counselling, therapy, and other practical applications of philosophical insights to address existential and pragmatic challenges faced by individuals, groups, and organizations in contemporary society. This article examines the definition, historical evolution, theoretical foundations, and methodologies of philosophical practice, while discussing prospects for professionalization — including certification, ethical guidelines, and integration within healthcare and education systems. Ultimately, this study underscores the potential of philosophical practice to revitalize the relevance of philosophy, foster personal growth, and enhance societal well-being.

Previous research on biomarkers of individual differences in sensitivity to caregiving contexts has largely focused on children’s parasympathetic activity, commonly indexed by RSA. Recent work, however, suggests that the parent–child dyadic RSA concordance may also provide important insight into heterogeneity in the links between parenting behaviors and children’s adjustment outcomes. This study is among the first to characterize dyadic patterns of RSA concordance between behaviorally inhibited children aged 3.5 to 5 years old (54% female, 47% White) and their caregivers (n = 107 dyads) across tasks designed to mimic children’s exposure to novel social interactions while parents observed their children navigating these tasks. Furthermore, we examined dyadic RSA concordance as a potential moderator of the associations between nurturing and intrusive parenting behaviors and children’s adjustment problems, as reported by teachers and parents. We found that a more positive concordance (i.e., caregivers and children demonstrated similar patterns of epoch-to-epoch RSA change across tasks) protected against teacher-reported internalizing problems in the context of low parental nurturance. A negative concordance (i.e., caregivers and children demonstrated dissimilar patterns of epoch-to-epoch RSA change across tasks), however, exacerbated the risk for parents’ reports of children’s externalizing behaviors in the context of high parental intrusion.

While literature on English modality has usually focused on traditional modal and semi-modal verbs, to our knowledge, no attention has ever been given to the emerging be having to (BHT) construction. Through corpus analysis conducted on GloWbE, ICE, BNC and CLMET, this article investigates the semantic differences between have to and BHT that make them distinct in the English constructicon. We demonstrate that BHT conveys meanings of contingency, reluctance and inchoativity, and propose that its recent emergence may stem from a specific functional gap within the English modal system. While have to appears to be gradually grammaticalizing with future-oriented functions, BHT seems to be renewing the original (and less grammaticalized) dynamic functions of have to. Finally, we explore the productivity of the construction across different English varieties and the reasons for its lower frequency in postcolonial varieties. The hypothesis of negative retentionism proposes that a feature that was absent in the lexifier language at the time of contact may indeed be found to be less frequently used in the contact variety at a later stage due to colonial lag.

Surveys continue to be the most common research tool in American politics. Yet, there are normative, ontological, and conceptual concerns that render these techniques incomplete, especially when deployed in the study of marginalized people. This article argues that survey research is limited mainly in the study of race, gender, sexuality, and class because it fails to capture the intricacies of political life. Furthermore, the general exclusion of marginalized voices in survey research represents a major concern for the veracity of our findings. In response, I suggest three recommendations to help political scientists extend survey methods and tell more comprehensive stories about the political experiences and attitudes of marginalized people. I contend that political science departments must make qualitative methods required training for graduate students; political scientists must engage in feminist methodologies in building their research agendas; and researchers studying marginalized people must engage in multimethodological research approaches that provide context and detail about the lived experiences of vulnerable people.

This paper is based on the Lanchester Lecture of the Royal Aeronautical Society held in London, UK, in October 2023. The lecture discussed the advances in computational modeling of separated flows in aerospace applications since Elsenaar’s Lanchester Lecture in 2000. Elsenaar’s efforts focused on assumptions primarily associated with separation for steady inflow and a static (non-moving) vehicle or component. Since that time, significant advancements in computational hardware, coupled with substantial investments in the development of algorithms and solvers, have led to important breakthroughs in the field. In particular, computational aerodynamics techniques are currently applied to complex aerospace problems that include unsteady or dynamic considerations, such as dynamic stall and gusts, which are discussed. A perspective of the technology developed over the past quarter-century, highlighting their importance to computational aerodynamics is discussed. Finally, the potential of future areas of development, such as machine learning, that may be exploited for the next generation of computational aerodynamics applications is explored.

Unlike in other contexts and regions in India, servants/slaves in Goan homes (in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries) received inordinate attention from European non-Portuguese travellers. They provided disturbing descriptions of Goan households and the violence inflicted on the subalterns. Slave ownership in the Portuguese empire was both an economic imperative and a problem for moral theology in Europe and overseas. Although slavery was not at the centre of the debate, it contributed to the construction of the ‘Black Legend’ of Portuguese colonialism in Asia. It nourished the complaint regarding moral dissoluteness due to the mixing of population and economic corruption of the Portuguese imperial institutions. The argument was that the Portuguese intermarried and consequently started closely resembling gentiles, some of whom they first enslaved. By looking into three types of archival documents, I discuss slavery/servitude in Goan households: 1) in the legal and moral framework for the ‘just’ slave society debated by ecclesiastics, 2) as it was seen and represented by foreign travellers, 3) and in the seventeenth-century history rewriting of elite Goan Christian theologians obsessed with the purity of blood of their ancestors.