This article offers principles to be followed when editing οὔκουν and οὐκοῦν. The distinction between these words is supported by the ancient grammarians, but manuscript readings oscillate to such a degree that modern editors often do not trust them. The most common principles thus far available are those established by Kühner–Gerth and Denniston. Some are so subjective, however, that editors do not always agree on the accentuation of a non-negligible number of instances. This article takes into account the pragmatic contexts in which the particle is used in Attic drama to effect a distinction by applying a conversation analytic methodology to their interpretation. All instances appearing in the extant plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides and Aristophanes have been analysed.

Unhealthy diets are a leading cause of preventable ill health. Healthy diets tend to be more expensive than less healthy diets and as such are more likely to be consumed by individuals with a higher income. This review paper discusses the development of the Eatwell Guide, evaluates the affordability of a diet consistent with the Eatwell Guide (‘the Eatwell Guide diet’) and explores how food pricing can be leveraged to encourage and support healthier dietary choices. The Eatwell Guide is the UK’s food-based dietary guidelines. It provides healthy eating advice that is intended to facilitate policy cohesion but is also used as a public-facing health promotion tool. The cost of food has increased and recent estimates suggest that the Eatwell Guide diet is now more expensive than the current average diet. There is strong evidence that subsidies would be effective at increasing the uptake of healthy diets. Monitoring the cost of a healthy diet is important for policy development; however, we should exercise caution when considering how to incorporate costs into food-based dietary guidelines and be mindful of the limitations of the data that could support this.

The crystal structure of a new form of racemic reboxetine mesylate has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Reboxetine mesylate crystallizes in space group P21/c (#14) with a = 14.3054(8), b = 18.0341(4), c = 16.7924(11) Å, β = 113.4470(17)°, V = 3,974.47(19) Å3, and Z = 8 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of double columns of anions and cations along the a-axis. Strong N–H···O hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into zig-zag chains along the a-axis. The powder pattern has been submitted to the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD®) for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

Although fundamental arguments have been presented to support the value-laden nature of all scientific research, they appear to be difficult to apply to basic research in physics. To explain this, I argue that basic research in physics is, in a very specific respect, often value-laden to a lesser degree. To spell this out, I refer to the different signal-to-noise ratios that can be achieved in different fields of research. I also argue that having a very low degree of value-ladenness in the very specific respect that I identify does not mean that the research is not value-laden at all.

The Third Reich established a new financial order in Central Europe. This article examines one aspect of these changes, namely the evolution of banking law. After the seizure of power in 1933, Nazi officials weaponized financial and legal institutions to support the rearmament campaign. They initially worked through the Credit Supervisory Office, a regulatory agency created in 1934, to enforce a standardized model of regulation. Driven by more than a desire for self-sufficiency (autarky) and expropriative control, the authorities devised a system of economic governance that perpetuated the conflict and continually supported German financial interests. The politicization and dismantling of the regulatory office, officially dissolved in 1944, reflected the evolving priorities of the Nazi regime. By reinterpreting existing laws and working with a willing state bureaucracy, officials were able to use regulation as a tool for redesigning the banking systems of Germany and the annexed territories.

We investigate the notion of ideal (equivalently: filter) Schauder basis of a Banach space. We do so by providing bunch of new examples of such bases that are not the standard ones, especially within classical Banach spaces ($\ell _p$, $c_0$, and James’ space). Those examples lead to distinguishing and characterizing ideals (equivalently: filters) in terms of Schauder bases. We investigate the relationship between possibly basic sequences and ideals (equivalently: filters) on the set of natural numbers.

This study examines the political participation of undocumented Mexican immigrants residing in the United States in Mexican external voting. As international mobility of people has increased globally, scholarly attention has grown concerning how overseas citizens engage in electoral processes in their countries of origin. However, previous studies based on traditional survey methods may have yielded biased results due to the underrepresentation of undocumented immigrants, who are less likely to enroll in survey company panels due to concerns about the potential compromise of their identities. To include this hard-to-reach population and conduct representative sampling, our research employs a method called respondent-driven sampling (RDS), which permits the surveying of a population devoid of a sampling frame. Our analysis of the Mexican case demonstrates that a lack of electoral information, lower levels of education, and heightened distrust of the Mexican government are associated with diminished electoral participation.

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a frontline treatment for a range of mental health problems and is increasingly offered as the psychological therapy of choice across the globe. Access to or benefit from this psychological therapy relies on proficiency in the dominant language of the area. However, to meet our clients’ needs in an increasingly mobile, multicultural, and diverse society, it may require adaptation through the use of spoken language interpreters. The benefits of interpreter-mediated CBT for mental health problems remains uncertain. The objective of this review is to systematically identify, evaluate, and integrate the existing empirical literature on interpreter-mediated CBT for mental health problems. A comprehensive search was conducted in July 2024 across CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria resulted in a total of eleven articles being included in the review. The included research shows promise in terms of feasibility and efficacy, but not conclusively. The narrative review enabled the synthesis of recommendations, which have been conceptualised as being at individual, service, and organisational levels. There is limited research and a need for further studies into the influence of other factors such as therapist proficiency, interpreter proficiency, complexity/co-morbidity and service context. Further evaluation should consider controlled trials of interpreter-mediated CBT, while also establishing its efficacy more robustly in regular practice. It should also further explore the experiences and perspectives of the client, interpreter, and therapist regarding the suggested recommendations.

Key learning aims

1. (1) Gain an understanding of the existing evidence on the effectiveness of interpreter-mediated CBT for various mental health problems across diverse populations.

2. (2) Learn about key recommendations emerging from empirical research on the implementation of interpreter-mediated CBT.

3. (3) Acquire clear, practical guidance that can inform the work of interpreters, practitioners, services, and healthcare systems to improve the delivery of interpreter-mediated CBT.

This article maps out the challenges of public global health communication in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by providing an overview of the shifting media of health communication from the post-Second World War era to the present. The article explores the communication of science in real-time or live media of film, television, video and digital social media during three emerging infectious-disease (EID) outbreaks to place COVID-19 health communication in historical perspective. Examination of the transition from centralized, top-down communications to distributed, many-to-many, mobile communication illuminates challenges to expertise, authority and control of health narratives and imagery. Through theories of intermediality, the article explores the central function of gaps in communication networks. The article considers three cases of crisis communications amid EIDs: the influenza outbreak of 1957, HIV/AIDS around 1990 and COVID-19 in the early 2020s, and the challenges posed by scientific uncertainty under these circumstances of live, intermedial health communication. The article concludes that ‘liveness’ in intermedial health communications may have an inherently destabilizing effect on scientific authority.

In 2022, an anti-vaccine mandate protest in Canada received millions of dollars in support through online crowdfunding. This event catalyzed political crowdfunding in Canada by demonstrating its ability to disseminate ideological discourse and mobilize collective action. Given its newfound visibility and impact, this study examines the landscape of political crowdfunding in Canada. We examined 60 campaigns from the legal, current events and political categories on the crowdfunding platform GiveSendGo and classified campaigns into: COVID-19-related topics, alternative media and free speech, climate change skepticism, and other political campaigns. Thematic analysis of the interactive discourse between campaign hosts and donors revealed that many campaigns were motivated by defending individual rights and freedoms amidst perceived government overreach, which fuels a distrust towards authority, including the government and mainstream media. Our study suggests that political crowdfunding empowers individuals to symbolically reflect their political and ideological beliefs through financial donations.

True bugs (Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae, Coreidae, and Pentatomidae) include harmful crop pests affecting global agriculture, with different species displaying distinct optimal conditions for development and using different habitats. Over a 2-year period, this research investigates how habitat variation and altitude can influence the species composition of true bugs and their egg parasitoids in South Tyrol (North Italy), unveiling different trends in their population and diversity across habitats: apple orchards, urban areas, and forests. A total of 25 true bug species were sampled. Urban environments hosted the highest bug abundance, predominantly driven by the invasive Halyomorpha halys, while forests showed a higher prevalence of native species such as Pentatoma rufipes and Palomena prasina. Altitude significantly influenced species composition, with H. halys and P. rufipes abundance negatively and positively correlated with altitude, respectively. A total of 12 parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae, and Scelionidae) emerged from the field-collected bug eggs, including the exotic Trissolcus japonicus, predominantly associated with H. halys in urban areas. Native parasitoids exhibited higher parasitism rates on native bug species, indicating co-evolutionary relationships. The results give an insight into the ecological dynamics of local true bug species and their egg parasitoids, and highlight the value of natural and urban areas for conserving both hemipteran and parasitoid species richness and abundance.