Many philosophical accounts of manipulation are blind to the extent to which actual people fall short of the rational ideal, while prominent accounts in political science are under-inclusive. We offer necessary and sufficient conditions – Suitable Reason and Testimonial Honesty – distinguishing manipulative from non-manipulative influence; develop a ‘hypothetical disclosure test’ to measure the degree of manipulation; and provide further criteria to assess and compare the morality of manipulation across cases. We discuss multiple examples drawn from politics and from public policy with particular attention to recent debates about the ethics and politics of nudge.

Certain entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are among the most studied biocontrol tools, some of which are commercially available against pest insects. Their use against foliar and subterranean insect pests is largely unexplored in the Canadian Prairies. We conducted a laboratory-based study to produce baseline information on the biocontrol potential of a few commercial EPN species. Percent mortality of flea beetles, diamondback moths (DBMs), lygus, cabbage root maggots, and black cutworms (BCWs) was assessed after 72 hours exposure to Steinernema carpocapsae, S. kraussei, S. feltiae, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora at varying concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 infective juveniles (IJs) per larvae, pupae, or cm2 of soil surface). Irrespective of concentration level, S. carpocapsae and S. kraussei caused significant mortality in DBM and BCW larvae compared with H. bacteriophora. S. kraussei, and S. feltiae were more efficient than S. carpocapsae in controlling root maggot larvae. H. bacteriophora caused zero mortality to root maggots at any concentration. Root maggot pupae were resistant to entry to EPN species tested, likely due to hard outer covering. Compared with root maggot pupae, a moderate level of mortality was observed in DBM pupae, suggesting differential ability of the tested EPNs in killing different life stages of certain pests. All nematode species tested caused low mortality (≤10%) in flea beetle adults. The findings of this investigation form fundamental data essential for carrying out field-based studies on canola and other related crops aimed at control and management of these pest species.

This study aims to investigate whether some of the Eurocentric and colonialist contents of Hegel's thought are open to criticism with elements of his own philosophy. First, I intend to show that some of these contents can be organized around the connection between ‘spirit’ and ‘progress’. I then construct an interpretation of Hegel's notion of spirit, based upon which I discuss its possibly pro-colonialist tendencies, arguing that disconnected from the philosophy of history it establishes a connection of autonomy and critique crucial even for anti-colonialist thought. Furthermore, following Adorno's criticism of Hegel, I investigate the possibility of finding in the ‘progress in the consciousness of freedom’ an experiential dimension capable of capturing its regressive moments. This analysis then leads to a discussion of colonization in the reconstruction of capitalist society presented in the Philosophy of Right, which reveals an important discrepancy, so I argue, concerning the Eurocentrism of the Philosophy of History. Finally, I propose a comparison of Hegel's discussion of colonization with Marx's theory of ‘primitive accumulation’, and evaluate thereby the pertinence of Hegel's connection between imperialism and the critique of capitalism.

We experienced the first case of a difficult-to-extract central venous catheter removed with a pacemaker lead removal system: a 14-year-old boy with Hirschsprung’s disease who had repeated catheter infections that could not be removed by traction. Because the catheter lumen was occluded, a suture was tied around the end of the catheter and the catheter was removed with a rotating dilator.

The Thue–Morse sequence $\{t(n)\}_{n\geqslant 0}$ is the indicator function of the parity of the number of ones in the binary expansion of nonnegative integers n, where $t(n)=1$ (resp. $=0$) if the binary expansion of n has an odd (resp. even) number of ones. In this paper, we generalize a recent result of E. Miyanohara by showing that, for a fixed Pisot or Salem number $\beta>\sqrt {\varphi }=1.272019\ldots $, the set of the numbers

$$\begin{align*}1,\quad \sum_{n\geqslant1}\frac{t(n)}{\beta^{n}},\quad \sum_{n\geqslant1}\frac{t(n^2)}{\beta^{n}},\quad \dots, \quad \sum_{n\geqslant1}\frac{t(n^k)}{\beta^{n}},\quad \dots \end{align*}$$

$\mathbb {Q}(\beta )$

$\varphi :=(1+\sqrt {5})/2$

$k\geqslant 1$

$a_1,a_2,\ldots ,a_k\in \mathbb {Q}(\beta )$

$a_1t(n)+a_2t(n^2)+\cdots +a_kt(n^k)\}_{n\geqslant 1}$

This paper investigates the question of how subjective probability should relate to binary belief. We propose new distance minimization methods, and develop epistemic decision-theoretic accounts. Both approaches can be shown to get “close” to the truth: the first one by getting “close” to a given probability, and the second by getting expectedly “close” to the truth. More specifically, we study distance minimization with a refined notion of Bregman divergence and expected utility maximization with strict proper scores. Our main results reveal that the two ways to get “close” to the truth can coincide.

Ductal stenting has transformed the care of neonates with ductal-dependent critical CHD, especially in low-income countries. In small infants, a 3.5- or 4-mm stent may lead to too much pulmonary blood flow resulting in pulmonary oedema. We herein presented a novel technique to restrict ductal stent flow in a premature neonate with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum following radiofrequency perforation of the pulmonary valve.

Trans vaccenic acid (TVA, trans11–18 : 1) and cis9, trans11-CLA (also known as rumenic acid; RA) have received widespread attention as potentially beneficial trans-FA due to their putative health benefits, including anti-diabetic properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of beef fat naturally enriched with TVA and RA on parameters related to glucose homoeostasis and associated metabolic markers in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Thirty-six male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) were fed for 19 weeks with either a control low-fat diet (CLF), a control high-fat diet (CHF), or a TVA+RA-enriched high-fat diet (EHF). Compared with CLF, feeding either CHF or EHF resulted in adverse metabolic outcomes associated with high-fat diets, including adiposity, impaired glucose control and hepatic steatosis. However, the EHF diet induced a significantly higher liver weight TAG content and elevated plasma alanine transaminase levels compared with the CHF diet. Collectively, the findings from this study suggest that EHF does not improve glucose tolerance and worsens liver steatosis in DIO mice. However, the adverse effects of EHF on the liver could be in part related to the presence of other trans-FA in the enriched beef fat.

A result of Gyárfás [12] exactly determines the size of a largest monochromatic component in an arbitrary $r$-colouring of the complete $k$-uniform hypergraph $K_n^k$ when $k\geq 2$ and $k\in \{r-1,r\}$. We prove a result which says that if one replaces $K_n^k$ in Gyárfás’ theorem by any ‘expansive’ $k$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices (that is, a $k$-uniform hypergraph $G$ on $n$ vertices in which $e(V_1, \ldots, V_k)\gt 0$ for all disjoint sets $V_1, \ldots, V_k\subseteq V(G)$ with $|V_i|\gt \alpha$ for all $i\in [k]$), then one gets a largest monochromatic component of essentially the same size (within a small error term depending on $r$ and $\alpha$). As corollaries we recover a number of known results about large monochromatic components in random hypergraphs and random Steiner triple systems, often with drastically improved bounds on the error terms.

Gyárfás’ result is equivalent to the dual problem of determining the smallest possible maximum degree of an arbitrary $r$-partite $r$-uniform hypergraph $H$ with $n$ edges in which every set of $k$ edges has a common intersection. In this language, our result says that if one replaces the condition that every set of $k$ edges has a common intersection with the condition that for every collection of $k$ disjoint sets $E_1, \ldots, E_k\subseteq E(H)$ with $|E_i|\gt \alpha$, there exists $(e_1, \ldots, e_k)\in E_1\times \cdots \times E_k$ such that $e_1\cap \cdots \cap e_k\neq \emptyset$, then the smallest possible maximum degree of $H$ is essentially the same (within a small error term depending on $r$ and $\alpha$). We prove our results in this dual setting.

We describe two kinds of regular invariant measures on the boundary path space $\partial E$ of a second countable topological graph E, which allows us to describe all extremal tracial weights on $C^{*}(E)$ which are not gauge-invariant. Using this description, we prove that all tracial weights on the C$^{*}$-algebra $C^{*}(E)$ of a second countable topological graph E are gauge-invariant when E is free. This in particular implies that all tracial weights on $C^{*}(E)$ are gauge-invariant when $C^{*}(E)$ is simple and separable.

We obtain the following embedding theorem for symbolic dynamical systems. Let G be a countable amenable group with the comparison property. Let X be a strongly aperiodic subshift over G. Let Y be a strongly irreducible shift of finite type over G that has no global period, meaning that the shift action is faithful on Y. If the topological entropy of X is strictly less than that of Y and Y contains at least one factor of X, then X embeds into Y. This result partially extends the classical result of Krieger when $G = \mathbb {Z}$ and the results of Lightwood when $G = \mathbb {Z}^d$ for $d \geq 2$. The proof relies on recent developments in the theory of tilings and quasi-tilings of amenable groups.

This article explores the characterological metadiscourses through which characters, or figures of personhood, become modeled, evaluated, and enacted during a multi-ethnic, community-inclusive theater project that aims to make the group's ‘joint voice’ heard on stage and in society. Based on ethnographic data and discourse-analytical methods, the article examines two modes of characterological metadiscourse that contribute to the construction of an ‘alternative’ discursive space that allows the group to reflect on and to experiment with everyday social interactions. First, the article analyzes writing and conversation tasks that deal with experiences of ethnicization and inequality. Second, the article analyzes exercises in acting techniques, in which the focus turns to universal characterological dimensions, enabling each participant to participate in the joint voice as an equal performer. The analyses illuminate a local strategy of managing multi-ethnic relations and committing to ideals of solidarity and egalitarianism with the purpose of collective social action. (Voice, entextualization, interdiscursivity, ethnicity, raciolinguistics, theater)*

Does household debt affect the size of the fiscal multiplier? We investigate the effects of household debt on government spending multipliers using a smooth transition vector autoregression model. Through generalized impulse response functions, we measure whether the effect of government spending on GDP is conditioned by different levels of household debt in Australia, Sweden, and Norway, three countries with high levels of household indebtedness, and in the world’s seven largest economies. Our results indicate that the short-term effects of government spending tend to be higher if fiscal expansion takes place during periods of low household debt. On average, the fiscal multiplier (on impact) is 0.70, 0.61, and 0.79 (percent of GDP) larger when the increase in government spending takes place during periods of low household debt for Australia, Norway, and the United States.