The 1893 Dorpat-to-Iur′ev (present-day Tartu) renaming law marks a key moment in the Romanov imperial government’s efforts to de-Germanize and Russify the Baltic provinces. This article brings legal perspectives to critical place-name studies by examining how the Romanov Empire used law to regulate and exert control over naming practices, and how local inhabitants leveraged their legal knowledge to spot ambiguities, exploit loopholes and defend naming rights in court, thereby engaging in various forms of toponymic resistance. By situating the 1893 renaming law within the broader imperial legal system, this article argues that even ideologically motivated changes to urban toponymy could be subject to legal checks and balances.

This article examines how critical minerals (CM) supply security has been absorbed into the evolving concept of national security underpinning foreign investment screening (FIS), using Australia’s treatment of Chinese CM investment as a case study. It argues that FIS now functions as a tool of strategic alignment through selective, opaque restrictions under the logic of friend-shoring. This shift raises structural tensions with Australia’s obligations under international investment agreements (IIAs). Through analysis of Australia’s FIS regime, its implementation shaped by a CM friend-shoring strategy, and potential conflicts with its IIAs with China, the article situates Australia within a broader global trend in which the expansion of FIS increasingly challenges the coherence of international investment law. It offers a novel conceptualization of FIS as a legal expression of the geoeconomic turn and proposes recommendations for reconciling strategic regulatory discretion with treaty-based commitments in an era of contested globalization.

This article is a case study of the Kasarani Stadium in Kenya as a heuristic through which to understand President Daniel Arap Moi’s political style and priorities during the first decade of his regime. Drawing primarily from national and international newspapers, the archives of national and international sporting organizations and associations, records of the Kenyan government and biographies of Moi, I explore how Moi gave political meaning to sport to advance his populist politics at home and project Kenya on(to) the international stage. At home, he used sports to define himself as a leader of the ordinary mwananchi (citizen), in touch with the experiences, challenges, and visions of the common Kenyan. Internationally, he used sports to chart Kenya’s foreign policy and fashion himself as an international political personality. The article concludes that the study of sports and sporting infrastructure offers a productive way to write social, political, and cultural histories of postcolonial Africa.

Following a 2018 FEC ruling, US congressional candidates are increasingly using campaign funds for childcare expenses incurred while campaigning. This policy has the potential to increase descriptive representation, but the policy’s viability is dependent on how voters react to candidates using campaign funds for childcare. Using a national survey experiment, we find that the framing around the use of this policy influences public opinion in meaningful ways. For Democratic respondents, positive framing treatments increase support for a hypothetical woman candidate, and candidate attack frames do not decrease candidate support. For Republican respondents, positive framing treatments do not increase candidate support, while candidate attack frames decrease candidate support. Regarding support for the policy of permitting the use of campaign funds for childcare, results were universally positive. Both positive and negative frames increased support for the policy. This research contributes to multiple literatures by evaluating the public opinion effects of candidates using campaign funds for childcare.

This article examines the diachronic development of hedged performatives (HP) in spoken American English. HPs (e.g. I have to say, I must admit) combine a (semi-)modal verb and a performative verb, and were first analyzed by Fraser (1975). While subsequent research has investigated their discursive functions and established them as ‘constructions’, their diachronic development has not been analyzed within a Construction Grammar perspective. This article addresses this gap using three corpora: the TV Corpus, Movie Corpus and spoken COCA. We investigate fifteen HPs formed with three modals (have to, must, can), first sketching a constructional network with a macro-level ([I + MODAL + Vperf]), modal-specific meso-level (e.g. [I must Vperf]) and micro-level (e.g. [I must say]). Results show different diachronic trends at the meso-level: [I must Vperf] declines, [I have to Vperf] increases, and [I can Vperf] remains stable. These trends diverge from those of the base modals, confirming their constructional status. For must and have to HPs, change operates primarily at the meso-level, driven by evolving discourse norms. At the micro-level, must/have to HPs follow the meso-level trend, while can HPs show more variation. Finally, HPs are overrepresented in scripted speech, although diachronic trends remain consistent across registers.

Recent studies in Construction Grammar have suggested that contracted modals constitute different constructions from their full forms. In this article, we present a corpus-based analysis of the relationship between the modal forms going to and gonna in British English used on the blogging platform LiveJournal. We report a Collostructional Analysis and a Behavioural Profile Analysis based on a logistic regression model of blind annotations, assessing factors of semantic, pragmatic and social meaning on the choice of the variant, in addition to processing factors. The results show that register formality is the only significant meaning predictor for the alternation between going to or gonna in the corpus. We discuss these results in light of recent theoretical debates on isomorphism and synonymy avoidance in Construction Grammar: specifically, our study provides evidence that social meaning drives the distinction between going to and gonna, validating the recently formulated Principle of No Equivalence, and providing further evidence for the constructionhood of contracted modals.

Interrupted aortic arch is a rare congenital heart anomaly characterised by a complete discontinuity between the ascending and descending aorta, accounting for approximately 1–1.5% of CHDs. Its incidence in live births ranges from 3 to 20 per million. Survival into adulthood is only possible with the presence of a well-developed collateral circulation. In this case, a 49-year-old male patient presented with acute anterior myocardial infarction, and during emergency coronary angiography, discontinuity of the aortic arch was noticed. The procedure was successfully completed via radial access after femoral access failed. Subsequent thoracic computed tomography angiography confirmed the diagnosis of Type A interrupted aortic arch and revealed widespread collateral arterial circulation. No blood pressure difference was detected between the right-left arms and lower extremities, and the patient remained asymptomatic. This case demonstrates that this rare anomaly in adults can be incidentally detected during emergency procedures and that radial access is an effective alternative in overcoming anatomical obstacles.

The rooster-headed man in a mosaic at Brading Roman Villa on the Isle of Wight is a mystery that has attracted a dizzying range of explanations since its discovery in 1879. Three broad theories have found favour — that he represents a deity, an exotic beast to be hunted, or a hunter either with a rooster-related name or mocking the emperor Constantius Gallus. In this article I outline the problems with these theories before offering an alternative explanation — that this figure is a damnatus, and the scene an imaginative execution, a so-called ‘fatal charade’. This suggestion both facilitates a more holistic interpretation of the mosaic, and rehabilitates earlier suggestions long summarily dismissed.

Species of the genus Rauschiella are trematodes of frogs and snakes in the Americas. The taxonomy of the group is complex, and most of the 18 currently valid species are known only from the original description. Moreover, genetic data are available only for two North American species (Rauschiella tineri and Rauschiella poncedeleoni). In this context, integrative taxonomy studies are necessary for Rauschiella spp. found in South America. Herein, during a long-term herpetological and helminthological study conducted in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, between 2016 and 2019, 296 anurans from 17 species were necropsied. A plagiorchioid trematode found in the intestine of 7/12 Leptodactylus macrosternum, 10/106 Leptodactylus podicipinus, and 13/20 Pseudis platensis was subject to morphological and molecular characterisation. Samples of the trematodes were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopies and identified as Rauschiella proxima (Freitas, 1941), here reported in new anuran hosts and geographical area. Sequences of the nuclear gene 28S rDNA (1148 bp) were generated and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Our isolates of R. proxima from Brazil grouped in a well-supported clade with R. poncedeleoni and R. tineri, and genetic divergences to these species were low (0.45% and 0.54%, respectively), supporting the congeneric status among them. However, the addition of a South American representative of Rauschiella and the construction of more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, including 78 plagiorchioid species from 15 families, did not result in advances concerning the familial level of classification of this genus, which remains as incertae sedis in the superfamily Plagiorchoidea.

Violence in early dating relationships can continue into adulthood. The literature usually focuses on the negative effects of violent relationships, but rarely includes the reasons for or antecedents of such behavior. The main objectives of this study were to identify different psychosocial profiles in terms of frustration tolerance and partner dependency and how they are correlated with psychological partner violence, as well as to analyze the justifications for such violence in adolescents and young adults. A total of 69.9% of the final 1044 participants (62.1% girls; age range = 15–22) were involved in a relationship at the time of the evaluation. From a person-centered approach, latent profile analyses yielded three profiles (anxious dependent, low anxious and exclusive dependency, and low exclusive dependency). Significant differences were found between groups, except for the scores between Profiles 2 and 3 in exclusive dependency and anxious attachment between Profiles 3 and 1, with Profile 3 having the highest correlation with violence despite scoring lower in emotional dependency and exclusive dependency than Profile 1. Moreover, significant differences were found among the three groups in terms of violence in the relationship, but all three groups experienced bidirectional violence. The justifications were similar in all three groups, with the concern response being the most reported, together with jealousy in many cases. This research increases knowledge about the psychosocial factors associated with offline and online psychological violence in young couples and allows us to deeply examine the motives that young people express to justify violence in their relationships.

David Armitage’s idea of reading The Marriage of Figaro in the context of international law and diplomacy is extremely fruitful for understanding this opera in its original historical context and in our present world. Opera, especially this one, is still part of our culture, as it is performed every year, and as such, it is a trans-historical and trans-national work-event, occupying a liminal zone between a text produced in a specific historical context and event reoccurring time and again in ever-changing performance practice. There is no shortage of great operas composed in the eighteenth century, including some by Mozart, which have entirely or nearly disappeared from the active repertory. The Marriage of Figaro is still present not only because of the undisputable beauty of its music but also because it continues to appeal to our sensibility by dramatizing interpersonal tensions and resolutions that persist today.

In many wireless power transfer (WPT) scenarios, to prevent lateral misalignment between the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx) and to implement a stable power transfer, multiple Txs are used in place of a single Tx. The existing multi-Tx structures lack flexibility in assembly due to wired connections between Tx units, and face the challenge of variation in power delivered to the load (PDL) in the over-coupling region. A self-organized parity-time (PT) symmetric WPT system comprising dual independent Tx units is proposed in this paper. It provides two operating modes by activating one or two Tx units, offering not only a stable but also an identical PDL. This is achieved by strategically using a scaled PT-symmetric structure when activating only one Tx unit with a scaling factor of 2, and synchronizing the oscillation when activating dual Tx units with the help of existing mutual coupling between them. The theoretical analysis is validated by simulations and experiments. The proposed structure addresses the performance valley region that exists between two side-by-side traditional single-source single-coil structures. Moreover, compared to traditional single-source dual-coil structures, it extends the lateral transfer range rate from 20% to 100% and offers flexibility in assembly.

This paper explores the complementation of the verb prevent in contemporary English. While the verb is typically followed by from -ing, British English also exhibits a variant without from (e.g. They must carry out a forensic examination of these failings to prevent them happening again [The Daily Mail, 22 December 2020]). In British English, this construction has in fact been reported to be on the increase in recent years. Since previous studies on this topic have tended to rely on a limited number of examples, the present research investigates a larger dataset drawn from the 2010 issues of The Daily Mail (British) and USA Today (American). This study also examines the British Academic Written English (BAWE) corpus as a supplementary resource. The BAWE corpus is a collection of academic assignments and provides insight into unedited uses of the verb prevent. The findings are as follows: the use of from-less -ing is indeed expanding in contemporary British English; the rate of this expansion differs between newspaper texts and unedited academic writing; and the complementation patterns of prevent are more varied in contemporary English than previously assumed. The discussion concludes by situating these present-day uses within the historical development of this verb.

Food wastes are thought to be a substantial source of bioactive components with many functions and varying biological activities, therefore, numerous studies have been conducted on the use of these wastes to maximize their benefits. Nano-materials have been demonstrated that have higher bioavailability, functionality and effectiveness in the food systems. This study was conducted to determine how the nutritional value and quality characteristics of ice cream would be affected by the use of nano-powders made from apricot (Prunus sp.) and peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) kernels, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind and banana (Musa spp.) peel as functional additives (1%).

The tested nano-waste powders significantly (P < 0.05) increased the total solids, protein, fat and ash contents distinctly with apricot kernels (AK) and peach kernels (PK). The physiochemical properties of ice cream mix and the final product were also affected with a significant increase of viscosity and overrun. Watermelon rind (WMR) and banana peel (BP) boosted the total phenolic content and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity (%) as compared to the control and other wastes. The added nano-waste powders, except for BP, enhanced the meltability, microstructure properties and improved the sensory attributes of the resultant ice cream during 30 days of storage compared to control. The study recommends utilization of the tested nano fruit wastes as value added components to create innovative and higher-quality ice cream.

This is a fascinating project, and I have learned a great deal about Mozart from Armitage’s Lecture I and about recent operas in Lecture III’s general introduction and the detailed discussion of The Consul. I make two minor criticisms and then broaden the topic by thinking of what I shall term “internal exile”—deprivation of rights and full citizenship that happens to some groups of people within the borders of a state, although nominally they are citizens thereof. This is a rich theme for operas, past and present. And at least some of these exiles triumph over rules.