Moral injury is the profound psychological distress that can arise from exposure to extreme events that violate an individual’s moral or ethical code; for example, participating in, witnessing, or being subjected to behaviours that harm, betray or fail to help others. Given that the experience of moral transgression is inherent to moral injury-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is important to consider patients’ religious beliefs and formulate how these may interact with their distress. In this article we describe how to adapt cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD) to treat patients presenting with moral injury-related PTSD, who identify as religious. Anonymised case examples are presented to illustrate how to adapt CT-PTSD to integrate patient’s religious beliefs and address moral conflicts and transgressions. Practical and reflective considerations are also discussed, including how a therapist’s personal beliefs may interact with how they position themselves in the work.

Key learning aims

1. (1) To understand the importance of patients’ religious beliefs in the context of moral injury-related distress.

2. (2) To understand how patients’ religious beliefs can be integrated into Ehlers and Clark’s (2000) model when working with moral injury-related PTSD.

3. (3) To offer practical adaptations for CT-PTSD to integrate patients’ religious beliefs and practices, including how to set up a consultation with a religious expert in therapy.

4. (4) To aid therapist reflection on how their personal beliefs interact with how they position themselves in therapeutic work with religious patients.

Recently, convergence liberals, such as Kevin Vallier, argue that the principle of social insurance could be publicly justified. Our paper challenges this marriage of convergence liberalism and welfare state. We begin by examining Vallier’s three reasons for the principle of social insurance: risk aversion, injustice and the promotion of political trust. We then argue that all these reasons are intelligibly objectionable. After examining five possible responses that convergence liberals may offer, this paper concludes that the principle of social insurance is not conclusively justified in the convergence conception of public justification.

We establish the restricted sumset analog of the celebrated conjecture of Sárközy on additive decompositions of the set of nonzero squares over a finite field. More precisely, we show that if $q>13$ is an odd prime power, then the set of nonzero squares in $\mathbb {F}_q$ cannot be written as a restricted sumset $A \hat {+} A$, extending a result of Shkredov. More generally, we study restricted sumsets in multiplicative subgroups over finite fields as well as restricted sumsets in perfect powers (over integers) motivated by a question of Erdős and Moser. We also prove an analog of van Lint–MacWilliams’ conjecture for restricted sumsets, which appears to be the first analogue of Erdős--Ko–Rado theorem in a family of Cayley sum graphs.

We report a case of right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit angioplasty in which a valvuloplasty balloon ruptured circumferentially and was retained within the conduit. A high-pressure balloon was used to relieve the obstruction and free the ruptured balloon. The procedure was further complicated when the distal part of the balloon broke away from the proximal part during an attempt to retrieve it back into the femoral sheath. This report highlights the inappropriate use of a soft balloon in a calcified xenograft conduit, which led to a series of complications, and discusses potential strategies for managing these complications.

Let $\overline {M}(a,c,n)$ denote the number of overpartitions of n with first residual crank congruent to a modulo c with $c\geq 3$ being odd and $0\leq a<c$. The central objective of this paper is twofold: firstly, to establish an asymptotic formula for the crank of overpartitions; and secondly, to establish several inequalities concerning $\overline {M}(a,c,n)$ that encompasses crank differences, positivity, and strict log-subadditivity.

The Antarctic Treaty System has put in place international agreements to provide comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment. Despite this high degree of protection, human presence on the continent has resulted in environmental contamination, particularly at locations established prior to the development of the more stringent codes of conduct in recent decades. Rehabilitation of legacy contaminated sites is a priority for environmental management, and a framework for such efforts has been established. In this contribution, we re-evaluate the rehabilitation of the site of the former Vanda Station, a New Zealand outpost occupied from 1969 to 1991. We describe the design and implementation of the restoration, which included the removal of many tonnes of contaminated soils and groundwater, along with the post-action monitoring of the site. Our goal is to determine where challenges to the use of recent guidelines would have arisen. We found that while guidelines on clean-up of contaminated sites in Antarctica are valuable, challenges to implementation remain. These largely reflect a lack of understanding of the consequences of contamination on Antarctic ecosystems and the trajectory of natural rehabilitation. We present recommendations on how to address some of these challenges.

Insect odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are the key proteins in insect olfactory perception and play an important role in the perception and discrimination of insects. Frankliniella occidentalis is a polyphagous pest and seriously harms the quality and yield of fruits, flowers and crops worldwide. Therefore, the discovery of OBPs has greatly improved the understanding of behavioural response that mediates the chemoreception of F. occidentalis. To identify the OBP gene of F. occidentalis and its sequence and expression, rapid amplification cDNA ends (RACE) and qRT-PCR reaction system were performed. The results showed that the sequence of FoccOBP9 gene was 846 bp and the reading frame was 558 bp, encoding 185 amino acid residues, a 3′ non-coding region of 195 bp and a 5′ non-coding region of 93 bp.The molecular weight of the protein was about 20.08 kDa, and the isoelectric point was 8.89. FoccOBP9 was similar to AtumGOBP and CnipOBP2 (30%), followed by BdorGOBP, DficGOBP, DsuzGOBP, AalbOBP38, CmarOBP6 and SexiOBP. Phylogenetic analysis of the FoccOBP9 demonstrated that the FoccOBP9 had a relatively close evolutionary relationship with SgreOBP1, AtumGOBP, HeleOBP3, CbowOBP17, CnipOBP2 and CpalOBP2. The prediction of secondary structure showed that FoccOBP9 protein contained 135 amino acid residues forming α-helix, 91 amino acid residues forming β-sheets and 24 amino acid residues forming β-turning. However, three-dimensional structure prediction showed that the FoccOBP9 protein skeleton was composed of six α-helices and the loops connecting these helices. Dynamic observation of the three-dimensional structure revealed that five α-helices (α1, α2, α4, α5, α6) were found in the structure. The expression profiles analysis revealed that FoccOBP9 are highly abundant in antenna significantly, followed by the head and belly, and almost no expression in the chest and foot. Therefore, the identification and analysis of OBP may be useful for monitoring and limiting the damage of F. occidentalis.

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) faces serious demographic challenges. One of the most important among them is the imbalance of population flows within internal migration. This paper examines the patterns of internal migration in the Republic, based on the distribution of municipal districts (uluses) by economic zones designated by the authorities for administrative purposes. The six most common indices characterising the intensity of migration of the population were used for the analysis. The homogeneity of Yakutia’s districts according to these indices was tested using the van der Waerden test. The article reveals that the intensity of migration in Yakutia has increased since 2011. The financial crisis of 2008–2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant but temporary impact on internal migration in Yakutia. Only Yakutsk has experienced population growth due to internal migration throughout the period studied. The intensity of migration in the Arctic uluses was not statistically different from central and eastern uluses, but differed from the most economically developed districts in southern and western Yakutia. The Republic was homogeneous with respect to the balance of migration inflows and outflows, but there was considerable heterogeneity in terms of the impact of migration on the size of the population.

This article develops a novel argument that God’s existence would greatly increase our prospects for meaning in life. The key idea is that if God exists, He stands in certain relations to the world that would confer value upon it. For instance, God would be its creator and sustainer. The world would thus gain value in much the way that relics gain value by their links with historical persons and events. And crucially, as a result of this infusion of value, our lives go better because the things we engage with matter more.

The topological structure of ‘mean dichotomy spectrum’ is shown in this article, as an extension of Sacker–Sell spectrum and non-uniform dichotomy spectrum. With regard to mean hyperbolic systems, the coexistence of expansion and contraction behaviours can lead to non-hyperbolic phenomena during evolution process. To be precise, distinct from uniform and non-uniform hyperbolic cases, error hyperbolic degree $\varepsilon(t,\tau)$ is vital to depict the spectral manifolds. As application, the reducibility theorem for mean hyperbolic systems is provided to deduce block diagonalization.

The ability to detect and monitor errors enables us to maintain optimal performance across tasks. One neurophysiological index of error monitoring is the error-related negativity (ERN), a fronto-central negative deflection peaking between 0 and 150 ms following an erroneous response. While the developmental literature has illustrated age-related differences in the ERN and its association with anxiety, the literature has mainly focused on the between-person differences of the ERN. Our study examined the within-person variations of the ERN in 115 community-dwelling 9- to 12-year-olds (66 girls; mean age/SD = 11.00/1.16 years). Participants completed an EEG Go/No-Go task and reported their anxiety symptoms. Multilevel growth analyses yielded significant within-person, curvilinear changes in the ERN throughout the task. Youths’ trial-level ERN increased (i.e., became more negative) with early errors, but decreased with subsequent errors. This curvilinear pattern was evident in older, but not younger, youths. Age also interacted with anxiety symptoms: younger youths with higher anxiety showed a continuous increase in the ERN throughout the task, whereas older youths with higher anxiety showed an initial increase followed by a decline in the ERN. Our study contributed novel evidence for the development of the ERN and the underlying mechanisms of the ERN-anxiety relationship that cannot be captured by between-person approaches.

This paper constructs the intellectual histories of learned societies in Ghana to illuminate African agency in pursuing knowledge production and dissemination. Academics and politicians founded some of Africa’s first scientific societies in Ghana. Previous scholarship on scientific research and higher education in Africa has overlooked the role of disciplines-based learned societies and national academies. This paper contributes to that literature using a historical comparative approach to construct the histories of learned societies that emerged during the colonial and postcolonial periods to understand how such scientific associations contributed to research productivity. I advance two arguments based on case studies of three scientific societies. First, there is linearity in the evolution of learned societies. Second, the institutionalization of scientific communities along interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary lines provided flexibility and enabled learned associations to contribute relevant knowledge to the “developmental state” that the political leaders were constructing.