William Blake’s theology is expressed in a strange, idiosyncratic idiom that is difficult to pin down. Sometimes Blake is even read as an anti-Christian, proto-Nietzschean thinker. However, in 1910, Chesterton noted Blake’s unusual ‘tenderness’ toward the Catholic faith and even suggested that he was already on the path toward Catholicism. In this paper, I present an interpretation of Blake’s theology, focusing on his early work The Marriage of Heaven and Hell and on the ‘fetters’ that he attributes to Milton, implying that he is free of them. I argue that Blake is a sincere Christian – and, as Chesterton suggested, far closer to Catholicism than one might expect. Blake’s profound and insightful reflection on the epistemological and psychological effects of original sin forge a middle way, akin to that of Catholicism, between a ‘Pelagian’ belief in the ability of human beings to redeem themselves through their own efforts and a Calvinist insistence on humanity’s total postlapsarian depravity.

This paper proposes and experimentally validates four origami-inspired reconfigurable waveguide antenna designs, including the vertical folded waveguide antenna, the tilted waveguide antenna, the bellowed tilted waveguide antenna, and the fan-fold horn antenna. Aimed at overcoming the inherent limitations of rigid waveguide, those designs use mechanical deformation to control electromagnetic performance. By leveraging simple folding mechanisms, those proposed structures can turn antenna’s key parameters such as operating frequency, beam direction, beamwidth, gain and beam shape without relying on active components or complex beamforming circuitry. All prototypes were handcrafted as proof-of-concepts and successfully demonstrated their targeted functionality, showing the great potential in applications that require occasional reconfiguration rather than rapid, continuous adjustment. These results also reveal how origami techniques can unlock new design freedom for compact, reconfigurable antennas for future communication and sensing system.

No matter the methodology, gaining access to potential research participants is one of the more difficult aspects of conducting field research. Sometimes, potential participants may be “hard to reach”—for example, they are physically located in remote areas where the lack of infrastructure necessitates extensive travel and/or difficult logistics. Alternatively, they may be “vulnerable” due to disenfranchisement (incarcerated populations), stigma (those living with HIV/AIDS), or at risk if they share their experiences (people living in authoritarian states). Or participants may be “hidden”—that is, no record of their experiences exists, which, in turn, makes it difficult to find and recruit them (Ellard-Gray et al. 2015).1

A review was carried out of studies on the diet of various Mediterranean teuthivorous predators (marine mammals, chondrichthyans, osteichthyans, seabirds, turtles, crustaceans, and cephalopods) and their cephalopod prey. Data extracted from the literature were analysed using multivariate statistical techniques. Three distinct groups of predators were identified according to the cephalopod species consumed. The most common prey of the predators are the ‘unidentified Cephalopoda’, followed by the sepiolid Heteroteuthis dispar and the ommastrephid squid Illex coindetii. The most important cephalopod predators are the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, the chondrichthyans Scyliorhinus canicula and Galeus melastomus, the swordfish Xiphias gladius, and the ommastrephid squid Todarodes sagittatus. The dietary preferences of the different teutophages, their geographical distribution and some ecological implications are discussed.

This paper provides a profound perspective on the neuronal property of radiofrequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs). The nonlinearity of the PA is studied for the first time by solving differential equations in a bio-inspired neuromorphic model, i.e. Hodgkin–Huxley model, with Bayesian estimation. This study demonstrates that the nonlinearity of RF components is biomimicking and thus can enhance neuromorphic computing capacities of a communication network under the framework of a joint communication and computation (J2C) scheme. Overall, our work contributes to incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and automation into the communication network, a key trend in 6G.

This article explores how psychiatrists conceptualised the role of family relations and emotional atmospheres in the context of schizophrenia research in the second half of the twentieth century. It traces how families became the primary site to be mined and measured to explain schizophrenia’s onset, course and outcome, and zooms in on global psychiatric investigations of expressed emotion in families of schizophrenic patients, which aimed to offer a theoretical framework for understanding one of the most intriguing and influential findings of transcultural psychiatry: that schizophrenia appeared to have a shorter course and favourable recovery rates outside the Western world. The article engages with a wealth of research materials from schizophrenia and expressed emotion studies, and a variety of voices – clinicians, patients, families – which shaped these investigations. It also draws a comparison between this discussion of ‘traditional’ families as a beneficial environment for schizophrenia, and critical psychiatric and psychoanalytic discourses from the middle decades of the century which focused on the reportedly extreme psychopathological potential of ‘schizophrenogenic’ family relations in the Western world. Analyzed through this prism, expressed emotion research constructed the Global South as a preferable, even romanticized, alternative to the Western model of family interaction. On closer inspection, however, this idealization of the traditional family involved a variety of essentializing and romanticizing ideas which reinforced the ever-present binary of the modern West versus backward Global South, and perpetuated the belief in the decolonising and developing world’s cultural and intellectual simplicity.

This study proposes a radial basis function neural network disturbance observer- (RBFNNDO) based anti-saturation backstepping controller for hypersonic vehicles with input saturations and multiple disturbances. Firstly, in response to the problem of ‘exploding complexity’ in backstepping controller, we adopt finite-time tracking differentiators (FTD), which realise higher tracking accuracy and tracking speed than those of the existing methods. Secondly, we develop multivariable neural network disturbance observers to estimate the lumped disturbances involving aerodynamic uncertainties and external disturbances, thereby improving the robustness of the proposed controller. Thirdly, in order to alleviate the input saturation and minimise the duration time, we use an adaptive fixed-time anti-saturation compensator (AFAC). The simulation results have proven that our proposed backstepping controller outperforms other existing methods in terms of control performance and saturation time.

Theodicies aim at explaining why an omnipotent, omniscient, and wholly good God might enable the existence of evil and the suffering it causes. I draw on an idea from eighteenth-century Italian Jewish philosopher and kabbalist Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto to develop a ‘world-building theodicy’. The main idea is that God wanted his creatures to participate in the creation of the world and manifest themselves as godlike mini creators. Therefore, God created an unfinished world full of natural dangers and evil-doing people, leaving creatures to develop the world into a utopia through their own hard work. This theodicy is designed to account for all types of worldly evil and any finite amount, all without controversial doctrines about free will.

This article revisits the diachrony of the genitive alternation, the alternation between ’s and prepositional phrases headed by of in Present-Day English. It is usually assumed to have developed around 1400 CE. For Old English (c. 650–1000 CE), a different alternation between pre-modifying and post-modifying genitive-case-marked noun phrases is suggested to be the genitive alternation. Building on descriptions of competition between genitive-case-marked noun phrases (gen) and prepositional phrases with of (of) in Old English, and unpicking some of the preconceptions about the alternation in Old English, we propose a bottom-up method for systematically identifying possible alternation between of and gen in the York–Toronto–Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose (Taylor et al. 2003). Our findings indicate that there is plausibly an alternation in Old English that stands in continuity with Present-Day English and suggest a more complex diachrony for the alternation characterized by continuity and discontinuity in the alternants and the envelope of variation.

This paper analyzes a specific genre of colonial Maya literature: the prophecies found in the so-called Books of Chilam Balam, written in the Maya language during the colonial period. These texts predict events related to 20-year periods known as k’atun. A comparative examination of these prophecies reveals that while some are of clear Maya origin, others gradually incorporate Christian concepts and even direct references to Catholic texts. I propose a typology of three distinct kinds of prophecies: traditional, transitional Christianized, and overtly Christianized. This classification is supported by linguistic and structural analysis, including the presence of loanwords, shifts in grammatical constructions, changes in prophetic structure, and the semantic transformation of key terms. Traditional Maya prophecies primarily express concerns with good governance by local rulers; in contrast, Christianized prophecies reinterpret similar passages to foretell the authority of a universal Christian God. Rather than approaching these texts from a purely historical or philological perspective, this study adopts an anthropological–linguistic lens. It considers the prophecies as literary and ideological efforts by Maya authors and scribes to reframe their pre-Hispanic past and make sense of their transformed world under colonial rule.

Positive food consumption remains one of the most common challenges among older adults in the UK with at least 10% in community settings and up to 45% in care homes affected by malnutrition. It is strongly associated with frailty, functional and health decline. Tracking and understanding the impact of diet is not easy. There are problems with monitoring diet and malnutrition screening such as difficulty remembering, lack of time, or needing a dietician to interpret the results. Computerised tailored education may be a positive solution to these issues. Due to the rise in smartphone ownership the use of technology to monitor diet is becoming more popular. This review paper will aim to look at the issues with current methods of dietary monitoring particularly in older adults, it will present the benefits and barriers of using to monitor food intake. It will discuss how a photo food monitoring app was developed to address the current issues with technology and how it was tested with older adults living in community and care settings. The prototype was co-developed and incorporated automated food classification to monitor dietary intake and food preferences and tested with older adults. The prototype was usable to both older adults and care workers and feedback on how to improve its use was collected. Key design improvements to make it quicker and more accurate were suggested for future testing in this population. With adaptions this prototype could be beneficial to older adults living in both community and care settings.

Proximity feeding is the simplest technique to achieve wideband response in a microstrip antenna on a thicker substrate. However, the bandwidth is limited on a thinner substrate due to the capacitive impedance offered by the feeding strip. This paper presents wideband designs of proximity fed rectangular microstrip antennas loaded with printed open Ring shape or C-shape resonators, while using a thinner substrate. On substrate thickness of 0.053λg, the proposed design yields a bandwidth of 214 MHz (23.62%) with a broadside radiation pattern and peak gain of 8.0 dBi. Against the thicker substrate proximity fed design, a reduction of ∼ 0.03λg in thickness is obtained. With the obtained antenna characteristics, the proposed design is useful in 800–1000 MHz, GSM band applications.