The tail behavior of aggregates of heavy-tailed random vectors is known to be determined by the so-called principle of ‘one large jump’, be it for finite sums, random sums, or Lévy processes. We establish that, in fact, a more general principle is at play. Assuming that the random vectors are multivariate regularly varying on various subcones of the positive orthant $[0,\infty)^d$, first we show that their aggregates are also multivariate regularly varying on these subcones. This allows us to approximate certain tail probabilities rendered asymptotically negligible under classical regular variation. Second, we discover that depending on the structure of a particular tail event, the tail behavior of the aggregates may be characterized by more than a single large jump. Finally, we illustrate a similar phenomenon for regularly varying multivariate Lévy processes, establishing as well a relationship between regular variation of a multivariate Lévy process and multivariate regular variation of its Lévy measure on different subcones. The applicability of these results in financial and insurance risk management is discussed.

Trichuris muris infections in laboratory mice underpin current understanding of host-parasite interactions, yet the extent to which these insights apply to natural systems remains largely untested. In this study, we experimentally infected wild-caught Mastomys natalensis with Trichuris mastomysi under controlled conditions. Mice were assigned to either a single high-dose infection or repeated low-dose exposure. Larval infection success and intensity were assessed 21 days post-infection. Infection success was high in both exposure groups, and infection dose strongly influenced parasite burden, with high-dose animals carrying significantly more larvae than low-dose animals. These results demonstrate that T. mastomysi readily establishes in wild-caught M. natalensis and that exposure dose primarily affects early larval burden rather than infection success. By experimentally infecting a natural rodent host under controlled conditions, this study links mechanistic laboratory approaches with ecologically relevant host-parasite dynamics in the wild.

The widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has introduced significant security challenges, including unauthorised intrusions and privacy breaches. Conventional identification methods, such as radar and visual surveillance, often struggle to accurately distinguish between different UAV types or individual devices, limiting their effectiveness in countering these threats. To address these concerns, an enhanced empirical mode decomposition method has been developed. This method employs the Welch algorithm to extract power spectral density (PSD) features, which are then used to form the radio frequency fingerprint (RFF). Finally, a statistical classifier is employed to recognise and classify UAVs. The results of experimental studies indicate that this technique yields an average precision of 97% in binary classification (drone vs. no drone) and 84.7% in quaternary classifications (identifying four drone models). A comprehensive performance evaluation, conducted using confusion matrices and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, demonstrates that the classifier performs well across all categories, with low misclassification rates.

The maximum take-off weight (MTOW) affects many aspects of aircraft design, such as performance, stability and control. It is the first and most important design variable that affects numerous aircraft design decisions. Understanding how parametric changes to the major design variables would likely affect the MTOW in the early stages of the preliminary design phase is crucial. This research introduces a ground-breaking approach to precision weight estimation in light aircraft design. Employing a statistical approach, specifically multilinear regression alone and coupled with p-value analysis, the study focuses on predicting the MTOW using datasets from aircraft still ‘in production’ and/or ‘in service’. The aircraft are categorised by landing gear arrangement and number of engines. Eight crucial design parameters that influence aircraft weight are used to determine the empirical models. The developed models successfully predict the MTOW with an error of less than 5% and outperform existing weight estimation techniques, empowering designers to conduct parametric studies that include essential design parameters at the early stages of aircraft design. The proposed methodology represents a paradigm shift in the field, offering a reliable and practical means of achieving precision in light aircraft weight predictions.

This article critically examines the broad claims of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs) that the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) is the ‘competent’ and ‘comprehensive’ framework for governing marine biodiversity in the area covered by its constituent instruments, implying that the Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) is therefore inapplicable within that same area under the ‘not undermine’ clause in its Article 5(2). Focusing on the specific topic of marine bioprospecting governance, our analysis breaks down ‘competence’ into spatial (where the ATS has legal authority to govern) and functional (the activities or subject matter it is empowered to regulate) dimensions and evaluates whether existing competences, as exercised, result in ‘comprehensive’ governance. We find the ATCPs’ claims to be legally and practically unsubstantiated to justify the complete or de facto exclusion of the BBNJ Agreement’s application in the area covered by the constituent instruments of the ATS: the jurisdictional competence of the ATS is fragmented, its functional competence is narrowly confined to the early, in situ dimensions of bioprospecting regulation, and its operational record of governing marine bioprospecting is negligible, relying on generic, non-tailored rules long recognized as inadequate. As such, the Antarctic marine bioprospecting case illustrates that a regime’s exclusionary claims regarding the BBNJ Agreement should be viewed with scepticism. Failing to do so may conceal the very gaps that the BBNJ Agreement was created to address.

We consider a smooth fibration equipped with a flat complex vector bundle and a hypersurface cutting the fibration into two pieces. Our main result is a gluing formula relating the Bismut-Lott analytic torsion form of the whole fibration to that of each piece. This result solves a conjecture proposed at a conference in Göttingen in 2003. This result also leads to a higher Cheeger-Müller/Bismut-Zhang theorem. Our approach combines an adiabatic limit along the normal direction of the hypersurface and a Witten-type deformation on the flat vector bundle.

Let $\Omega$ be a lattice in $\mathbb C$ with invariants $g_2,g_3$ and let $\wp(z), \zeta(z)$ be the associated Weierstrass elliptic and zeta functions, respectively. In this paper, we prove that if $\omega$ is any non-zero period of $\wp(z)$ and $u_1,u_2$ complex numbers such that $u_1,u_2, \omega$ are $\mathbb{Q}$-linearly independent with $({\mathbb{Z}} u_1+{\mathbb{Z}} u_2)\cap\Omega=(0),$ then at least two of the numbers

\begin{equation*}g_2,g_3,\omega, \eta,u_1,u_2,\wp(u_i),\zeta(u_i)~~(1\leq i\leq 2)\end{equation*}

$\mathbb{Q},$

$\eta$

$\zeta(z)$

$\omega.$

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pose risks to human health and the environment, making the development of efficient technologies to reduce their emissions a priority. Catalytic oxidation represents a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method for eliminating VOCs. Herein, a spinel CuCo2O4/biochar/attapulgite (ATP) composite was successfully synthesized via a sol–gel method using waste walnut shell powder as both a complexing agent and a combustion promoter. The effect of the mass ratio on toluene degradation performance was systematically investigated. The results indicated that when the mass ratio of CuCo2O4/ATP to the biomass precursor was optimized to 1:4, the catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic oxidation performance for toluene degradation, achieving 99% conversion at 300°C along with high stability. The introduction of biochar induced the formation of abundant oxygen vacancies on the spinel surface and effectively suppressed the agglomeration of CuCo2O4 particles. Moreover, the rich functional groups on biochar improved toluene adsorption, favouring the subsequent catalytic oxidation. The current study offers a cost-effective strategy for VOC abatement by taking advantage of minerals and biomass.

Drawing on foundational work in the history of emotions, this article explores the significance of evangelical children’s search for salvation in postwar America. Reading midcentury denominational publications and children’s letters through an affective lens, this article asks how emotion, not merely belief, made evangelical childhoods. As evangelical communities passed down a conversion script teaching their children what to feel and how to feel it, kids found themselves caught between the horrors of the bomb, traditions that invoked religious fear, and the gathering force of therapeutic psychology that sought to cultivate feelings of well-being. While evangelical adults imagined that kids who lacked assurance of salvation were experiencing a problem of belief, I argue that children’s doubts exposed tensions inherent in the emotional script of conversion. These enduring tensions took on new significance in the age of the therapeutic, as the pursuit of inner peace emerged as a challenger to more transcendent claims of salvation as peace with God. Thus, even as the children of the 1950s and 1960s tried their best to follow a tried-and-true conversion script, their search for proper feelings recast the meaning of salvation itself and subtly aligned evangelicalism with the new therapeutic self of postwar America.

Standard portfolio-choice models treat cash as fungible. Using positions and transfer records for 46,016 Chinese investors, we show that brokerage cash is nonfungible and that cash-source effects refresh and decay. We label inflows from savings transfers as “cold” and trading-recycled funds as “hot” and construct a cash-temperature measure tracking these dynamics. Investors allocate colder cash to safer stocks, controlling for gains and losses, trading intensity, and rebalancing. Quasi-experimental variation from China’s 2016 IPO reform supports a causal interpretation. A preregistered experiment links cold framing to loss aversion; a model with temperature-dependent sensitivity to gains and losses rationalizes the evidence.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments recommended quarantine to those who had close contact with infected individuals. We conducted a large-scale retrospective survey to study the consequences of such quarantine for labor outcomes. A sizable fraction of quarantined workers experienced reductions in hours worked and earnings, not only during quarantine but also after quarantine. Even uninfected workers experienced negative labor impacts, likely capturing the pure effects of quarantine independent of the effects of COVID-19 symptoms. Non-regular workers and workers without remote work options were more negatively affected by quarantine. We estimate that the quarantine resulted in a large reduction in the aggregate hours and that the reduction is mainly due to the scarring effects.

We hypothesize that the public assesses U.S. Supreme Court nominees in light of the contemporaneous Court’s partisan composition. In a preregistered conjoint experiment (n = 9,895), we find that Democrats and Republicans weigh nominee partisanship more heavily when their party is losing the Court and less heavily when their party already enjoys a secure majority. Consistent with affective polarization and threat-based political psychology, however, they care just as much about partisanship when the Court is split as when the other party enjoys a strong majority – even though the new Justice would swing the Court only in the former scenario.

A positive integer N is said to be an infinitary harmonic number (IHN) if the harmonic mean of its infinitary divisors is integral. It is still an open problem whether or not there exist infinitely many IHNs. Cohen and Hagis [‘Infinitary harmonic numbers’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 41 (1989), 151–158] showed that there exist at most finitely many IHNs with a fixed number of I-components. We give an explicit Nielsen-type upper bound for the number of IHNs. We also consider a class of general infinitary amicable numbers and obtain the Borho-type upper bound for them.