We investigate the impact of the academic environment on directed technical change and economic growth. We develop a heterogeneous Schumpeterian growth model in which innovation is categorized into radical and incremental types. A supportive environment for academic exploration enhances scientists’ autonomy utility in basic research, thereby motivating basic research and reducing the R&D difficulty of radical innovations through knowledge spillovers. We identify two major effects of the academic environment on economic growth: a positive directed technical change effect fostering growth through radical innovation, and a negative applied research crowding-out effect. Numerical analysis based on Chinese data reveals a negative autonomy utility (−0.37), indicating insufficient autonomy in basic research exploration. Promoting economic growth necessitates institutional reforms. The optimal autonomy utility for maximizing growth is 0.80. Welfare analysis further shows that the optimal autonomy utility is 0.87 for basic research labor and 0.75 for non-basic research labor.

We want to compute generic $\mathrm {Ext}$-spaces of twisted polynomial functors in relation to the $\mathrm {Ext}$-spaces of the untwisted ones. We are able to conjecture a direct formula that is suggestively similar to the one known for ungraded functors. Thanks to the study of a spectral sequence, we get to a total computation in low degrees, with remarkable consequences at the level of generic cohomology. Moreover, a partial computation in all degrees proves the inclusion of a big direct summand and the existence of a suggestive universal class.

Over the past few decades, understandings of cuisine in the Maya area have been radically amplified with the use of new techniques. Some methods offer the opportunity to directly connect artifacts and features with plant foods. The recovery of microscopic food residues from sediments, artifacts, and human teeth has revealed not only a broad list of ingredients but a wide array of practices and recipes. Here, we draw on our previous paleoethnobotanical research across the Maya Lowlands to develop an understanding of Classic-period cuisines, integrating new evidence from the Southern Lowlands.

We consider the emergence of elite foodways and how elite gastronomic practices factored into broader political maneuvers and private performances. We also tentatively suggest a taxonomy of local traditions that did not conform to a strict elite “grammar.” By addressing commonalities and departures from a core and canonic elite cuisine, we highlight how local elite expressions reified culinary norms but also manifested fluidity and flexibility in culinary practice. Paralleling work with other types of elite artifact assemblages, we illuminate how privileged actors drew on broader cultural logics to make their cuisines intelligible, yet also locally improvised in significant ways.

Against a backdrop of rapidly expanding health artificial intelligence (AI) development, this paper examines how the European Union’s (EU) stringent digital regulations may incentivise the outsourcing of personal health data collection to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), fuelling a new form of AI ethics dumping. Drawing on parallels with the historical offshoring of clinical trials, we argue that current EU instruments, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) and Medical Devices Regulation, impose robust internal safeguards but do not prevent the use of health data collected unethically beyond EU borders. This regulatory gap enables data colonialism, whereby commercial actors exploit weaker legal environments abroad without equitable benefit-sharing. Building on earlier EU responses to ethics dumping in clinical trials, we propose legal and policy pathways to prevent similar harms in the context of AI.

This article explores the enactment of the Civil Wrongs Ordinance in Mandate Palestine in order to question the utility of “Anglicization” as a historical lens, and to suggest that it tends to crowd out more helpful framings, in particular those involving distributive or class motivations and effects. The Ordinance has been portrayed primarily as an instance of the codification of the common law of torts and its import to Palestine. Without denying the Englishness of the Ordinance, this article demonstrates that it did not codify the common law of tort but went considerably beyond it in reforming Palestine’s liability regime. It further argues that the “Anglicization” framing obscures more than it illuminates, missing the massive redistribution of risk, costs, liability, and welfare that resulted from the change in Palestine’s tort law. The study also complicates the commonly accepted chronology of the development of compensation for injuries in the common law world. In Palestine, English-style tort law was the product of progressive reform, designed to overcome the shortcomings of the preceding regime of workers’ compensation schemes. The significance of Anglicized tort law in this jurisdiction was thus very different, in some ways the polar opposite, of that in other, better-known contexts.

I give a brief overview of my book, Transparency and Reflection (Oxford 2024), to introduce the author-meets-critics symposium to follow.

The Unitary Dual Problem is one of the most important open problems in mathematics: classify the irreducible unitary representations of a given group. It is known for a real reductive Lie group that $A_{\mathfrak {q}}(\lambda )$ modules are unitary and that any unitarizable Harish-Chandra module of strongly regular infinitesimal character is isomorphic to an $A_{\mathfrak {q}}(\lambda )$. Thus, it is of interest to study representations of singular infinitesimal character. For a compact real form and any alcove of the form $w(-\lambda + \underline {A}_\circ ),$ where $\lambda $ is dominant (possibly singular) and $\underline {A}_\circ $ is the dominant fundamental alcove, the signature character of the canonical invariant Hermitian form on the irreducible Verma module of infinitesimal character in that alcove is the “negative” of a Hall–Littlewood polynomial summand at $q=-1$ times a version of the Weyl denominator. (Signature characters for other real forms and alcoves of other forms may also be expressed using Hall–Littlewood polynomial summands.) Such formulas give hope that the Unitary Dual Problem is tractable in the singular case.

Water scarcity and soil degradation pose major challenges to traditional rice. This two-year field study (2019–2020) in northern Iran evaluated the potential of direct seeding as an alternative to transplanting to reduce water. The study examined four different irrigation methods (sprinkler, I1; flooding, I2; wet & dry, I3; tape, I4) and three cultivation techniques (direct seeding, C1; direct seedling, C2; traditional transplanting, C3). The experiment followed a randomized complete block design with three replications. Throughout the season, applied water, yield, yield components and water productivity were measured and calculated. Overall, the results indicate that the direct cultivation method of rice (C1 and C2) consumed significantly less water than the traditional transplanting method (C3). However, the direct method also resulted in a lower rice yield compared to the traditional method. The highest yield (8206 kg/ha) was recorded in I2C3. In C3, changing from I2 to I1, I3, and I4, led to yield decreases of about 14%, 9%, and 11%, respectively. The highest water use was recorded for I2C1 (12490 m3/ha). Transitioning from I2C3 to I4C2 led to a 24% decrease in yield and a 45% decrease in water consumption. In this scenario, physical and economic water productivity reached 0.9 kg/m3 and 0.45 $/m3, respectively. The study suggests that direct seeding of rice, compared to the traditional method, can significantly reduce non-beneficial water usage. To address the reduction in yield and adopt water-saving methods, it is important to offer encouraging incentives.

The oceanic anglerfishes (Lophiiformes: Ceratioidei) are among the most diverse and ecologically distinctive groups of deep-sea fishes, exhibiting some of the most extreme morphological adaptations in the marine realm. Despite their remarkable biological traits, they remain among the most understudied vertebrates globally, primarily due to the logistical challenges associated with accessing their natural habitats. Here we report the diversity of oceanic anglerfishes collected during the AMAZOMIX scientific cruise, conducted in 2021 off northern Brazil, including the Amazon River plume, across depths ranging from the surface to approximately 1200 m. A total of 34 ceratioid specimens, representing six families and eight genera, were collected. Seven species were identified: Melanocetus johnsonii (Melanocetidae), Haplophryne mollis (Linophrynidae), Lophodolos acanthognathus, Oneirodes carlsbergi (Oneirodidae), Centrophryne spinulosa (Centrophrynidae), Gigantactis vanhoeffeni and Rhynchactis leptonema (Gigantactinidae). Haplophryne mollis, L. acanthognathus, C. spinulosa, and R. leptonema are reported for the first time in Brazilian waters. This study provides morphological and distributional remarks for all identified species and presents an updated checklist of deep-sea anglerfishes recorded in Brazilian waters.

The behavior of parent-incumbents depends not only on their own intention to hand over the family firm but also on their child-successors’ willingness to take over. Drawing on socioemotional wealth (SEW) theory, we develop a model of the impact of perceived child-successors’ willingness on parent-incumbents’ corporate philanthropy prior to succession. We argue that perceived child-successors’ willingness increases parent-incumbents’ transgenerational succession anticipation and the resulting desire to preserve SEW, which in turn motivates them to engage more in corporate philanthropy. However, parent-incumbents facing a greater threat of state expropriation engage less in philanthropy, as they anticipate a lower likelihood of successful transgenerational succession. Using data from a national survey of Chinese family firms, we find support for our hypotheses. Our findings highlight the significance of internal succession anticipation and its interplay with the external institutional environment in shaping family firm philanthropy.

Most psychiatric disorders in adulthood originate in childhood or adolescence. Hence, managing mental health in children and adolescents is crucial. This clinical reflection aims to capture some of the contemporary and emerging trends in teaching and training in child and adolescent psychiatry worldwide. Future directions for child and adolescent psychiatry training programmes are also highlighted.

Theories of bounded rationality join process reliabilists in holding that rationality is ecological, or environment-relative. Most theories of ecological rationality, like most versions of reliabilism, have been externalist. In this paper, I develop a de-externalized account of ecological rationality. I show how the account retains many advantages of externalist accounts while avoiding key challenges. I conclude with an application to the psychology of poverty, focusing on the rationality of agents caught in poverty traps.

This study provides the first integrative analysis of Megacoelium spinicavum Thatcher & Varella, 1981 (Digenea: Haploporidae) from the Amazon sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis Castelnau, 1855 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) in the Peruvian Amazon. A detailed morphological description is presented, including the first scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of tegumental structures, which revealed two distinct types of tegumental spines: (1) small, button-like spines and (2) sharply pointed spines. Partial sequences of the 28S rDNA and mitochondrial cox1 genes were generated and analysed to investigate the phylogenetic position of Megacoelium Szidat, 1954, within the Haploporidae Nicoll, 1914. Phylogenetic analyses placed M. spinicavum within the ‘robust species’ clade of Saccocoelioides Szidat, 1954, clustering with S. bacilliformis Szidat, 1973, although with weak support. These results provide additional evidence that Saccocoelioides is not monophyletic and support restricting the genus to the ‘minute species’ clade containing the type species. The ‘robust species’ clade appears to comprise at least three divergent lineages, potentially representing distinct genera, one of which includes M. spinicavum. The absence of molecular data for M. plecostomi Szidat, 1954, the type species of Megacoelium, continues to obscure its phylogenetic placement. We highlight the need for comprehensive morphological and multilocus molecular analyses, including SEM, to clarify the taxonomic status of Megacoelium and to resolve the evolutionary relationships of chalcinotrematine digeneans in Neotropical fishes.

This study aimed to compare the pre-defoliation heights of Marandu palisade grass (MPG) grown in full sun conditions versus those grown in a silvopastoral system with varying levels of shading over two years of pasture management. The experimental design adopted was completely randomised, and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot design, with different shading levels implemented between the silvopastoral system rows. The shading treatments included silvopastoral with 55–60 %, 50–55 %, 45–50 %, and 40–45 % shading, along with an additional treatment of MPG grown in full sun (monoculture). In the subplots, four pre-defoliation management heights for MPG were tested: 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm. The results revealed that the total number of tillers was higher in the full sun treatment, showing an average of 12.5 % more tillers per m2 over the two years compared to the highest shading treatment in the silvopastoral system. Additionally, pre-defoliation heights of 40 and 50 cm demonstrated the highest total chlorophyll indices in the MPG plants. The greatest dry mass productivity of MPG was also observed at pre-defoliation heights of 40 and 50 cm. Increasing shading levels negatively impacted the productivity of the MPG. However, MPG managed at pre-defoliation heights of 40 and 50 cm exhibited better adaptation to the shaded system. This reinforces its suitability for silvopastoral systems due to its good shade tolerance (40–45 %) and the flexibility it provides in pasture and livestock management.

Efficient global localization of mobile robots in symmetrical indoor environments remains a formidable challenge, given the inherent complexities arising from uniform structures and a dearth of distinctive features. This review paper conducts an in-depth investigation into the nuances of global localization strategies, focusing on symmetrical environments, such as extended corridors, symmetrical rooms, tunnels, and industrial warehouses. The study comprehensively reviews and categorizes key techniques employed in this context, encompassing probabilistic-based approaches, learning-based approaches, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)-based approaches, and optimization-based approaches. The primary goal is to provide a contemporary and thorough literature review, offering insights into existing global localization solutions, followed by extant methods tailored for symmetrical indoor spaces. Also, the paper addresses practical challenges associated with implementing various global localization techniques, contributing to a holistic understanding of their real-world applicability. Comparative experimental results demonstrate that hybrid approaches achieve superior localization accuracy in symmetrical environments compared to any single method alone. These experiments, conducted in indoor settings with different symmetry levels, highlight the hybrid approach’s robustness and precision in resolving symmetry-induced ambiguities. This work signifies a significant step forward in mobile robot global localization, which addresses symmetrical environments’ complexities by leveraging the strengths of hybrid methodologies.