We combine mathematical modeling, population growth data, archaeological survey data, and GIS analysis to project that tens of thousands of archaeological sites will be destroyed by development in Illinois by the year 2100. Climate-driven migration from less hospitable areas of the United States is likely to contribute to the growth and expansion of existing municipalities, converting millions of hectares of natural and agricultural land into urban land. A scenario of 1% annual growth over the next 80 years will impact about 55,000 sites in the state, most of which are undocumented. The damage is likely to be even more severe in other areas of the world as the global trends of population increase and urbanization accelerate the expansion of large urban areas in archaeologically rich regions.

Hyman Minsky stands as one of the most influential economists of the twentieth century. His contributions to macroeconomic theory are primarily situated within the post-Keynesian tradition. This paper provides a concise overview of the fundamental elements of Minsky’s theoretical framework, focusing on his principal insights, the financial instability hypothesis, and its broader implications. Although Minsky developed his theory predominantly during the 1980s, it remained largely overlooked until the emergence of the global financial crisis in 2008. The present study seeks to evaluate the socioeconomic conditions and prevailing perceptions during the intervening period that contributed to the marginalisation and underappreciation of Minsky’s approach and policy recommendations. In so doing, the paper critically analyses several potential explanations for the relative neglect of his theoretical contributions.

Several recent works have explored Wassily Leontief’s distinction between standard econometrics, which he called “indirect statistical inference,” and a “direct induction” he called “direct observation.” These works usually understand Leontief’s direct induction through the lens of input-output analysis. I argue that this is too narrow a perspective. Instead, I show how this distinction stemmed from Leontief’s (1929, 1932a) econometric work, when he developed a statistical technique for determining supply and demand curves. From lesser-known published texts by Leontief from this period, as well as unpublished material from the archives, it appears that Leontief’s distinction was in part borrowed from Jacob Marschak (1931) when they were both in Germany. Like Marschak, Leontief distinguished between two epistemic strategies: indirect, using data from the marketplace, i.e., price-quantity data; or direct, using specific data separately on buyers (e.g., household surveys) and on sellers (e.g., plant surveys). This result fundamentally revises our understanding of Leontief’s view of econometrics.

This paper investigates the causal effects of sovereign debt crises in a sample of 50 defaulting economies between 1870 and 2010. As default is potentially endogenous, we use the narrative approach to identify plausibly exogenous episodes. We find economically and statistically significant costs of up to 3.2 percent of GDP before recovering to the pre-crisis level after five years. The average aftermath, however, conceals a large heterogeneity by default cause. Defaults originating from negative supply shocks, political crises, or adverse terms of trade are associated with higher costs. Demand shocks, in contrast, have a moderate effect that is quickly reversed.

In this note, the author recalls the Calderon–Zygmund theory on the unit ball and derives the weak (1,1) boundedness of the projection for $\mathcal {H}$-harmonic Bergman space.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) levels in goats’ diets on their performance and milk quality. We hypothesize that the inclusion of CNSL in lactating goats’ diets may influence the biohydrogenation process, increasing the levels of CLA (i.e., C18:2-c9 t11 isomer) and its precursors (rumenic acid, C18:1-t11) in goat milk. Eight lactating Saanen goats were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four diets: a control diet with no inclusion of CNSL and diets with the inclusion of 5, 15 and 20 g of CNSL per kg/dry matter. Intake of major nutrients was not different between diets, and no difference was observed in apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients, except that ether extract intake increased linearly (P < 0.001) with CNSL inclusion rate. Milk yield (2.39 kg/day) and milk composition were not affected by the inclusion of CNSL. The milk fatty acids (FAs) C18:1-t9 (P = 0.001) and C18:3-n3 (P = 0.007) presented higher concentrations in milk with CNSL inclusion. The partial sum of omega-3 FA (Σn3), PUFA/SFA ratio and n6:n3 and n3:n6 ratios showed linear responses (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of CNSL. In conclusion, the CNSL affected the milk lipid profile in a way that is favourable to human health. CNSL may be a viable strategy to enhance milk with bioactive FAs.

Unfortunately, P value multiplicity continues to be a pervasive threat to statistical validity in medical research. Performing many hypothesis tests, and treating them each as if they were a single hypothesis, leads to a dramatic increase in the risk of false research claims. This editorial describes a simple method for authors to avoid P value multiplicity while improving clarity of the findings for the reader.

This Research Paper investigates the hypothesis that variations in genes related to immune system function may influence the antioxidant potential of cow milk. The present study analysed the association between genotypes at selected osteopontin (OPN), chemokine receptor type 1 (CXCR1) and L-selectin (SELL) gene loci and the total antioxidant capacity of milk from 519 Polish Holstein–Friesian black-and-white cows. Genotyping at the genomic loci employed the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism method, while the Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity method was used to measure milk TAC. The statistical method involves analysis of variance with Dunnett's post hoc tests. The results of analyses showed that the chosen genotypes as a TT (CXCR1 – c.291C > T), TT (CXCR1 – c. + 365 T > C) and TT (SELL – c.567C > T) combination was significantly associated with higher mean milk antioxidant capacity (P < 0.039). Therefore, analysing polymorphisms in genes related to the bovine immune system appears to be important in the context of selecting animals that produce milk with enhanced functional properties.

The white mullet, Mugil curema (Mugilidae), is a catadromous euryhaline fish with an omnivorous diet, and is distributed mainly along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the Americas. Mullets represent an important economic resource for the artisanal fisheries in Mexico. In this study, 73 individuals of M. curema were analysed; specimens were sampled in 4 coastal lagoons of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, between 2022 and 2024. Parasite identification was accomplished by using DNA sequences. Nineteen parasite taxa were found, including 1 monopisthocotylan, 1 copepod, 1 acanthocephalan, 1 nematode, and 15 trematodes. Specimens were sequenced for a nuclear or mitochondrial molecular marker. Ten taxa are reported for the first time in this host species, including the adult trematodes Saccocoelioides olmecae; Schikhobalotrema sp. 1 and sp. 2, Hemiuridae gen. sp., the larval trematodes Mesostephanus microbursa, M. cubaensis, Cardiocephaloides medioconiger, Saccularina sp., Bucephalus sp., as well as the larval nematode Contracaecum fagerholmi. Of the 21 metazoan parasites recorded, 58% were adults and 42% were larval stages. The checklist of the metazoan parasites of M. curema was updated. Our study contributes to the understanding of the parasite diversity of an economically important fish species with a wide distribution range and corroborates the usefulness of combining morphological and molecular data for species identification and for linking larval forms with adults to complete parasite life cycles. Our results will be useful in further studies of parasites as bioindicators of ecosystem health, and studies of the role of parasites in food webs in coastal lagoons.

We investigate axisymmetric surfaces in Euclidean space that are stationary for the energy $E_\alpha=\int_\Sigma |p|^\alpha\, d\Sigma$. Using a phase plane analysis, we classify these surfaces under the assumption that they intersect the rotation axis orthogonally. We also provide applications of the maximum principle, characterizing closed stationary surfaces and compact stationary surfaces with circular boundary in the case $\alpha=-2$. Finally, we prove that helicoidal stationary surfaces must in fact be rotational surfaces.

Industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology recognizes dozens of different constructs, including several individual differences, environmental variables, job attitudes, and work-related behaviors. It is, of course, necessary to retain a variety of constructs in order to adequately capture the complexities, subtleties, and diversity of work-related phenomena. But do the many constructs recognized by I-O psychologists all serve a useful purpose? Or has our field been too eager to welcome redundant, unnecessary constructs into the fold? And if I-O psychology has embraced too many unnecessary constructs, then what—if anything—should we do about it? In the current focal article, we first discuss when and why construct proliferation occurs. We then advance a nuanced perspective—one that asserts that construct proliferation is occasionally “good,” usually “bad,” largely inevitable, and often incentivized. We conclude by calling for a temporary moratorium on the introduction of new constructs into the field of I-O psychology, and we offer suggestions for how the field can address construct proliferation. We hope that the current article leads to a fruitful discussion of how to most effectively solve the construct proliferation dilemma.

The Portland Vase, housed in the British Museum, is the most important surviving example of “cameo glass,” datable to the early years of the Roman Empire. Until 1909, there was no doubt regarding the provenance of the vase. It was said to have come from the sarcophagus with scenes from the story of Achilles discovered in 1582 inside a large burial mound, the so-called Monte del Grano, which still stands at the fourth mile of the via Tusculana. However, in 1909, Henry Stuart Jones ruled out this provenance. The re-examination of the monument, which should be identified as the tomb of Alexander Severus, shows that the report of the provenance of the vase from the Monte del Grano sarcophagus is authentic. Similar conclusions can be reached from a re-examination of the vase itself, which suggests the two myths it depicts should be identified as the wedding of Peleus and Thetis and the afterlife of Achilles.