While a number of parallels between Middle Irish and Old English homilies have been identified, our knowledge of how the connections between these corpora came to be remains limited. The present contribution identifies several shared passages between two homilies on the Temptation (Matthew IV.1–11), one from each tradition. These parallels display access to versions of source materials as yet unknown outside an Insular context, and raise doubts about previous claims that mutual influence between the two corpora was limited, and mediated only indirectly via the Continent. Close comparison of the two texts also reveals a potential divergence of use, as the Irish homily, which hews closely to its exegetical sources and incorporates considerable Latin passages, may be intended for a different community than the entirely vernacular Old English text.

Understanding the diverse pathways between science and policy is crucial for assessing the impact of research. In this context, ‘research impact’ refers to the broader societal benefits of scientific research that extend beyond traditional research evaluation metrics. Metrics of academic and scientific excellence, such as h-indexes or bibliometric analyses, often fail to capture the impact of science on policy. To investigate one aspect of how research can influence policy, and therefore probably have impact, this study analysed ice core publications from the Australian Antarctic Program. A dataset of 266 Australian-authored and/or -funded East Antarctic ice core publications was examined, revealing that 123 were cited in 284 international and Australian (domestic) policy and policy-related documents. To analyse the policy influence of the research, key information was categorized into authoring countries, institutions, research themes and the contextual use of publications by the documents. This categorization highlighted the different uses of information and interpretations of ice core publications by separate forums, with some more active compared to passive uses. The ‘Active-Passive’ spectrum developed in this study provides a framework for understanding how research is being used, and it underscores the relevance of ice core science to local Australian governance. The results show that domestic uptake of ice core publications by some Australian states demonstrated more ‘Active’ inclusions in policy to support an area of national interest: water security. The mixed methods piloted in this study can be used to assess scientific publications from national Antarctic programmes with more nuance, thereby offering an improved avenue for measuring research impact.

Permissivisms in both epistemic and practical rationality enjoy support, but they are discussed in strikingly different ways. Epistemic permissivists focus on both intrapersonal and interpersonal cases, finding the latter more popular than the former. In contrast, practical permissivists focus only on intrapersonal cases. This is odd because practical and epistemic rationality are structurally similar. Furthermore, Paul Forrester (2024) argues that permissivism faces significant explanatory burdens regarding the range of one’s rational options: permissivists need to explain why some cases are permissive and others are not as well as explain why some options are permissible while others are not. I argue that we can meet Forrester’s challenge by appealing to reasons holism, which explains the range of rational options. This appeal also illuminates similarities between practical and epistemic permissivisms, motivating an underappreciated interpersonal practical permissivism.

This Special Focus interrogates the intersection of colonial land relations, social consciousness and ecological justice within the field of environmental education. Contributing authors to this volume provide diverse narrative inquiries grounded in anticolonial activism, Land as kin and teacher, Indigenous perspectives in Canada and Australia, Asian Critical Race Theory, Yazidi resilience in Mesopotamia and LGBTQIA+ spatial justice in Bosnia to collectively subvert Eurocentric hierarchies of knowledge. In hacking paradigms of Whiteness and coloniality, this Special Focus reimagines storytelling not as a cathartic cure for the Anthropocene∼Necrocene but as a radical method of intergenerational accountability. Through these diverse narratives, this Special Focus advocates for a pedagogical transformation rooted in becoming-and-belonging-with, offering new worldings for still-possible futures.

Conflict-affected populations experience harms beyond those to life and limb, yet narratives about the effects of attacks remain dominated by war’s physical impacts. This article highlights the incidental mental harms of war, which are not necessarily the objective of an attack but which can nevertheless be devastating to those affected. It proposes a critical analysis of international humanitarian law’s principle of proportionality in attack through a decolonial lens. Among the rules regulating the conduct of hostilities, proportionality has attracted attention for its protective potential against incidental mental harm, but its interpretation remains the subject of fierce debate. This article argues that mental harm should be considered in jus in bello proportionality assessments, but not in a manner that undermines the decolonizing global mental health agenda. A decolonial lens reveals that some legal interpretations encourage the consideration of incidental mental harm in decisions of attack, but only for a fraction of the mental harms experienced in conflict (such as post-traumatic stress disorder or a traumatic brain injury), thus omitting much of the lived reality of mental harm. These interpretations might succeed in deconstructing the hierarchy between physical and mental harms, only to replace it with one between types of mental harms – a hierarchy that privileges and prioritizes Western understandings of mental health. Rather, this article posits, the application of proportionality should centre localized and socio-culturally appropriate notions and experiences of mental harm.

In two studies of attitudes and beliefs of American adults (N = 482), there is a substantial positive correlation between pro-natural and pro-sustainability, a weak negative correlation between pro-technology and pro-natural, and a moderate positive or negative correlation between pro-technology and pro-sustainability, depending on the way technology is framed. Participants also believe strongly that natural policies are ‘good for’ sustainability. Liberals are substantially more pro-sustainable than conservatives, but both political groups are strongly pro-natural. Most respondents explicitly believe that organic farming is ‘good for sustainability’, and many believe that genetically engineered foods are not good for sustainability. On open-ended explanations for their beliefs about positive linkages between natural and sustainability, respondents’ reasons are frequently vague, very generic, factually incorrect, or irrelevant to sustainability (e.g., claims that genetically modified organisms are unnatural or bad for human health). Respondents are inclined to believe in a positive association, often a causal link, between natural and sustainable, both concepts they favor. Additional results from a British adult sample show that 65% agree with the statement: ‘Generally, more natural things cause more sustainable outcomes.’ This may be an example of causal inference supported by congruent valences.

Education for sustainable development requires an understanding of complex Earth system processes with an ethical reflection on global justice. In this context, concepts such as planetary boundaries and the Doughnut model serve as reference frameworks. Their didactic connection to the concept of planetary justice has thus far only been partially addressed. This paper presents the theory-based, design-oriented development of a digitally supported learning module for geography in upper secondary education. The module is based on five conceptually integrated design principles: normative openness; planetary boundaries and Doughnut model as framework; systems thinking; integration of the three justice dimensions (interspecies, intergenerational, and intragenerational); and a problem-based, real-world learning environment. It was implemented using ArcGIS StoryMaps, which visualise narratives based on a case study to illustrate socio-ecological interrelations across local, regional and global scales. The paper contributes by facilitating a conceptually grounded integration of planetary justice into geography education.

While travellers, merchants and missionaries in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries continuously enriched the European epistemic framework with ethnographic knowledge about China and Japan, Korea remained an exception. The inaccessibility of the peninsula led Europeans to perceive it as an obscure and uncharted land, in stark contrast to its neighbouring countries. This situation changed to some extent, first with the outbreak of the Imjin War (1592–8), which – beyond being a pivotal event in East Asian history – also served as a catalyst for European knowledge by bringing Korea to the attention of the Western world; and second, with the development of the Catholic mission in Ming China, which, drawing on knowledge accumulated from native sources, enabled missionaries to contribute to a more precise spatial placement of the peninsula. Nevertheless, the geographical and cultural information that circulated among European learned circles remained fragmented, vague and inconsistent. This study explores the mechanisms of knowledge transmission, the discrepancies between textual and cartographic sources, and the role of Jesuit missionary networks in shaping European perceptions of Korea. By analysing key textual and cartographic sources – from missionary writings to commercial atlases – this research highlights the epistemic challenges and asymmetries that defined early modern European understandings of the Korean peninsula.

Let M be a pinched negatively curved Riemannian orbifold, whose fundamental group has torsion of order $2$. Generalising results of Sarnak and Erlandsson-Souto for constant curvature oriented surfaces, and with very different techniques, we give an asymptotic counting result on the number of strongly reversible periodic orbits of the geodesic flow in $T^1M$, and prove their equidistribution towards the Bowen-Margulis measure. The result holds in the more general setting with weights coming from thermodynamic formalism, and also in the analogous setting of graphs of groups with $2$-torsion. We give new examples in real hyperbolic Coxeter groups, complex hyperbolic orbifolds and graphs of groups.

We examine whether exposure to government assistance can generate positive policy feedback effects among constituencies not traditionally supportive of the welfare state. Focusing on the U.S. Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), a small business bailout enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic, we study how making government assistance salient affects attitudes toward social assistance programs among a typically Republican-leaning and relatively affluent group. Leveraging a bespoke survey of verified program recipients and an embedded experimental manipulation, we find that reminding PPP recipients of program participation increases support for government spending on healthcare, nutritional assistance, and unemployment benefits by an average of 6.9 percentage points—equivalent to roughly 16 percent of the partisan divide on these issues. The findings provide novel causal evidence that making the receipt of government assistance salient increases support for anti-poverty programs among well-off people, even when those programs do not directly benefit them.

This report provides an overview of the current state of the German twin family panel TwinLife, including information on design and sample characteristics as well as a selection of assessed constructs. TwinLife is a register-based longitudinal panel of four birth cohorts of German-speaking monozygotic and dizygotic same-sex twin pairs, and their core family members, including parents and siblings, but also partners and children of twins, if available. Using address data provided by a representative set of residents’ registration offices from across Germany, twin families were identified through a multistage process. The twins were born in 1990−1993, 1997−1998, 2003−2004, and 2009−2010. They were about 5, 11, 17, and 23 years old at the time of the first survey. Designed to investigate the development of social inequalities over the life course, the TwinLife currently covers an observation period from 2014 to 2025. In the first wave, the panel included data on 4096 twin families from all parts of Germany, covering the full range of key socioeconomic indicators. Over the years, the core TwinLife project has been expanded by several satellite projects, such as the molecular genetic TwinSNPs and the TwinLife Epigenetic Change Satellite (TECS) project. TwinLife provides a unique database with a wide-ranging potential for research, since it combines a longitudinal panel with an extended twin family design, adding genetic, epigenetic and additional biological data as well as the possibility to match geographical information.

This article investigates the construction of the past in Carolingian Europe by focusing on the ‘Martinelli’, a family of manuscripts that contain texts related to the cult of Martin of Tours (d. 397). The article focuses particularly on the presentation of the writings of Gregory of Tours (d. 594) within these manuscripts. Two codices are used as case studies: Berlin, ms Phillipps 1877 and Paris, BnF, ms Lat. 10848. This analysis sheds new light on when the earliest Martinellus was compiled, the reception of Gregory of Tours and the agency of scribes in shaping conceptions of the past in the Carolingian period.

According to recent research, the get-passive, e.g. get arrested, rather than the be-passive, was arrested, has been increasing in frequency since 1850 (Hundt 2001). While some researchers argue that the two variants remain differentiated by semantic nuances like adversativity and agent animacy (e.g. Quirk et al. 1985: 167–71), others assume they are interchangeable and vary according to social factors (Weiner & Labov 1983). Recent corpus-based studies (Allen 2022; Fehringer 2022) tested linguistic and social factors, finding that both play a role. In this article, we aim to contribute new insights by analyzing get vs be in a large corpus of vernacular English from the late nineteenth to the twentieth century in Ontario, Canada. Using a combination of mixed-effects logistic regression and decision tree analysis, we find significant effects of animacy, explicit agent, adversativity, speaker gender, level of education and year of birth. The results show that the get-passive is increasing in apparent time. Moreover, we discover a prevailing effect of animacy that reveals the nature of the reorganization taking place in the system across the twentieth century. We conclude that get emerged as a change from below but is gradually losing its stigma and continues to advance into the grammar of English.