We present the serendipitous radio-continuum discovery of a likely Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G305.4–2.2. This object displays a remarkable circular symmetry in shape, making it one of the most circular Galactic SNRs known. Nicknamed Teleios due to its symmetry, it was detected in the new Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) radio–continuum images with an angular size of 1 320$^{\prime\prime}$$\times$1 260$^{\prime\prime}$ and PA = 0$^\circ$. While there is a hint of possible H$\alpha$ and gamma-ray emission, Teleios is exclusively seen at radio–continuum frequencies. Interestingly, Teleios is not only almost perfectly symmetric, but it also has one of the lowest surface brightnesses discovered among Galactic SNRs and a steep spectral index of $\alpha$=–0.6$\pm$0.3. Our best estimates from Hi studies and the $\Sigma$–D relation place Teleios as a type Ia SNR at a distance of either $\sim$2.2 kpc (near-side) or $\sim$7.7 kpc (far-side). This indicates two possible scenarios, either a young (under 1 000 yr) or a somewhat older SNR (over 10 000 yr). With a corresponding diameter of 14/48 pc, our evolutionary studies place Teleios at the either early or late Sedov phase, depending on the distance/diameter estimate. However, our modelling also predicts X-ray emission, which we do not see in the present generation of eROSITA images. We also explored a type Iax explosion scenario that would point to a much closer distance of $\lt$1 kpc and Teleios size of only $\sim$3.3 pc, which would be similar to the only known type Iax remnant SN1181. Unfortunately, all examined scenarios have their challenges, and no definitive Supernova (SN) origin type can be established at this stage. Remarkably, Teleios has retained its symmetrical shape as it aged even to such a diameter, suggesting expansion into a rarefied and isotropic ambient medium. The low radio surface brightness and the lack of pronounced polarisation can be explained by a high level of ambient rotation measure (RM), with the largest RM being observed at Teleios’s centre.

Stone locales together with continuous maps form a coreflective subcategory of spectral locales and perfect maps. A proof in the internal language of an elementary topos was previously given by the second-named author. This proof can be easily translated to univalent type theory using resizing axioms. In this work, we show how to achieve such a translation without resizing axioms, by working with large, locally small, and small-complete frames with small bases. This requires predicative reformulations of several fundamental concepts of locale theory in predicative HoTT/UF, which we investigate systematically.

We consider the drifting p-Laplace operator

\begin{equation*}\Delta_{p,v}u=e^{-v} \text{div}\,(e^v |\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)\end{equation*}

and discuss generalized weighted Hardy-type inequalities associated with the measure $d\mu=e^{v(x)}dx$. As an application, we obtain several Liouville-type results for positive solutions of the non-linear elliptic problem with singular lower order term

\begin{equation*}-\Delta_{p,v} u\ge c(x) u^{p-1}+B \frac{|\nabla u|^p}{u} \quad \text{in}\ \Omega,\end{equation*}

where Ω is a bounded or an unbounded exterior domain in ${\mathbb{R}}^N$, $N \gt p \gt 1$, $B+p-1 \gt 0$, as well as of the non-autonomous quasilinear elliptic problem

\begin{equation*}-\Delta_{p,v} u+b(x)|\nabla u|^{p-1} \ge c(x) u^{p-1}\quad \text{in}\ \Omega,\end{equation*}

with general weights $b\ge0$ and c > 0. Liouville-type results are also discussed for a class of higher order differential equations.

Adolescents frequently victimized by peers are two to three times more likely to develop an anxiety disorder than their non-victimized peers. However, the fine-grained mechanisms that explain how peer victimization confers risk for anxiety in adolescents’ daily lives are not well-understood. Leveraging an intensive longitudinal design, this study examined same- and cross-day links between peer victimization and anxiety, investigating social threat sensitivity as a potential underlying mechanism. One hundred ninety-five adolescents (Mage = 16.48, SDage = 0.35; 66% female, 27% male, 11% non-binary, identifying with another gender; 48% White, 20% Asian, 15% Black, 17% identifying with another race/ethnicity) completed brief daily assessments of peer victimization, social threat sensitivity, and anxious affect for 14 days. Multilevel analyses indicated that adolescents reported greater anxious affect on days when they experienced peer victimization compared to days without victimization. Although peer victimization did not predict anxious affect the following day, it was associated with increased anxious affect two days later. Social threat sensitivity significantly mediated the same-day, but not cross-day, association between peer victimization and anxious affect, controlling for prior-day threat sensitivity and anxiety. The findings suggest that heightened social vigilance partially accounts for anxious affect in adolescents facing peer victimization in daily life.

It is widely accepted that social class in Africa is defined not just by economic metrics but also by social perceptions and individual identifications. Yet less has been written about the mechanisms through which people form these class perceptions and identifications. This article explores how the sociopolitical and physical architecture of schools affects people’s understanding of social class. Using participatory methods with students complemented by architectural studies, focus group discussions, and interviews, Manful shows how young Ghanaians find and place themselves in social classes and other hierarchies through their perceptions and usage of school buildings.

New experiments have revealed that a thin layer of granular ice bonded to salty and to salt-free columnar-grained ice increases flexural strength when the composite material is rapidly bent to the point of failure through brittle fracture. When bent slowly within the regime of ductile behavior, the layer has no detectable effect. Strengthening is attributed to the suppression of cracking; its absence, to dislocation creep.

The generation and radial structure of zonal flows are studied in competing collisional drift waves and interchange turbulence using the reduced flux-driven nonlinear model Tokam1D. Zonal flows are generated in both the interchange dominated and adiabatic regimes with the former favoring radially structured flows and avalanche transport. The distance to the instability threshold proves to be key, with a more stable radial flow structure emerging near the threshold and increased energy stored in the flows for interchange turbulence. The avalanches are shown to perturb zonal flow structures in drift-wave turbulence and to reactivate them in the interchange regime. Finally, the ExB staircases with radially structured, stable in time zonal flows are proved beneficial for the overall confinement.

The enforcement of forum selection and arbitration agreements against consumers and other parties in disadvantaged bargaining positions has significant consequences for access to justice. As a result, some legal systems simply decline to enforce jurisdictional agreements against certain groups. This is not the case in the United States. To the contrary, such agreements enjoy a strong presumption of enforceability across the board. As a result, the ability of individual parties to secure remedies for violations of their legal rights is significantly curtailed. Because private enforcement plays such an important role in state and federal regulatory regimes, impairing the ability of individual litigants to sue also erodes the accountability of corporations for violations of law. This Article begins with the understanding that jurisdictional agreements constitute contractual waivers of rights. This highlights the two primary sources of law that can be used to police them: contract law and “anti-waiver” rules and doctrine. The Article considers each in turn. It concludes that contract law no longer provides a meaningful constraint on the use of adhesive jurisdictional agreements, but that anti-waiver rules at the state level may.

Cross-cutting issues like nutrition have not been adequately addressed for children with severe visual impairment studying in integrated schools of Nepal. To support advocacy, this study aimed to determine the nutritional status of this vulnerable group, using a descriptive cross-sectional design involving 101 students aged 5–19 years from two integrated public schools near Kathmandu Valley and two in western Nepal. The weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), height-for-age z-score (HAZ), and body mass index-for-age z-score (BAZ) were computed and categorised using World Health Organization cut-off values (overnutrition: z-score > +2.0 standard deviations (SD), healthy weight: z-score −2.0SD to +2.0SD, moderate undernutrition: z-score ≥ −3.0SD to <−2.0SD, severe undernutrition: z-score < −3.0 SD) to assess nutritional status. A child was considered to have undernutrition for any z-scores <−2.0SD. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse variables linked to undernutrition. The mean age of participants was 11.86 ± 3.66 years, and the male-to-female ratio was nearly 2:1. Among the participants, 71.29% had blindness, and 28.71% had low vision. The mean BAZ and HAZ scores decreased with age. The WAZ, HAZ, and BAZ scores indicated that 6.46% were underweight, 20.79% were stunted, and 5.94% were thin, respectively. Overall, 23.76% of students had undernutrition and 7.92% had overnutrition. More than three in ten students had malnutrition and stunting was found to be prevalent. Older students and females were more likely to have undernutrition. These findings highlight the need for nutrition interventions within inclusive education settings, particularly targeting girls with visual impairments who may face compounded vulnerabilities.

In this article, I propose an account of episodic memory and episodic future-directed imagination for which I invent the term, ‘embodied constructivism’. Embodied constructivism, I claim, is a more sophisticated, enactivist version of Augustine of Hippo’s constructivist account of memory and expectation on which rest his epistemic claims concerning how God is known and remembered. However, embodied constructivism avoids metaphysical issues facing Augustine’s account by drawing on cutting-edge theories in philosophy of memory, studies in experimental psychology, and recent findings in cognitive neuroscience. Embodied constructivism is a synthesis of two contemporary theories of memory: an embodied theory of memory generation – specifically, autopoietic enactivism – with a constructivist model – specifically, simulationism. As embodied constructivism asserts, mentally travelling to the past to relive it in episodic memory and mentally travelling to the future to pre-live it in future-directed imagination are co-functional processes. In addition to preserving Augustine’s epistemic claims concerning how God is remembered and known, a further upshot of embodied constructivism is that it illustrates the importance of philosophy of science to theology in its reliance on a scientifically rigorous model of memory in defence of epistemological theology.

This paper shows how to set up Fine’s “theory-application” type semantics so as to model the use-unrestricted “Official” consequence relation for a range of relevant logics. The frame condition matching the axiom $(((A \to A) \land (B \to B)) \to C) \to C$—the characteristic axiom of the very first axiomatization of the relevant logic E—is shown forth. It is also shown how to model propositional constants within the semantic framework. Whereas the related Routley–Meyer type frame semantics fails to be strongly complete with regards to certain contractionless logics such as B, the current paper shows that Fine’s weak soundness and completeness result can be extended to a strong one also for logics like B.

As Catholic churches played a tremendous role in the third wave of democratization, it is crucial to examine their role in the current trends of autocratization. Given the potential for democratic backsliding resulting from elections, I study the official stances of national Catholic churches toward electoral manipulation in 59 cases across different regions, post-Third Wave. I find that 32% of the Catholic churches resisted electoral manipulation, while 34% called for peace, and 34% took no stance. I argue that beyond religious market dynamics, historical context also shapes Catholic churches’ cost-benefit calculations. Using logistic and multinomial regression models, I contend that Catholic churches resist electoral manipulation when government favoritism toward Catholicism is too low, even when they control a considerable proportion of the population. Additionally, the historical pro-democratizing role of Catholic churches positively influences their decision to resist electoral manipulation, particularly for those facing high competition in the religious market.

We conduct an economic experiment to examine the causal impact of social ties on the preference for competition. Participants decide whether to engage in a competition or not. Across four treatments, potential competitors vary based on their relationship with the decision-maker: whether they had a conversation with the decision-maker prior to the competition, whether they are expected to chat after the competition, or both, or neither. We find that the process of chatting increases social closeness. This increase in social closeness tends to reduce the preference for competition when participants are expected to meet again after the competition. However, it does not change the likelihood of opting for competition if there is no prospect of further interaction. Through this experiment, we thus uncover previously unknown implications of managerial practices, such as team-building exercises and remote work options, that influence the formation of social ties.

This study addresses the mental health needs of refugees and migrants in the Netherlands, highlighting the urgent public health challenges they face. Unique psychosocial hurdles, exacerbated by cultural dislocation, language barriers and systemic inequalities, hinder their access to quality mental healthcare. This study explores how coloniality intersects with mental healthcare access, using a decolonial framework to challenge stereotypes and assumptions that marginalize migrant voices. Through semi-structured interviews with migrants and language service providers, this research reveals the complexities of navigating the mental healthcare system. Findings reveal that temporality, professionalism and language barriers are key issues in migrants’ mental healthcare journeys. We advocate for systemic changes that prioritize migrant perspectives. Ultimately, this study aims to inform policy and practice to enhance mental health services for migrant populations in the Netherlands and contribute to the broader dialogue on decolonization in mental health.

We investigate state-level age-specific mortality trends based on the United States Mortality Database (USMDB) published by the Human Mortality Database. In tandem with looking at the longevity experience across all the states, we also consider a collection of socio-demographic, economic, and educational covariates that correlate with mortality trends. To obtain smoothed mortality surfaces for each state, we implement the machine learning framework of Multi-Output Gaussian Process regression (Huynh & Ludkovski, AAS, 2021) on targeted groupings of 3–6 states. Our detailed exploratory analysis shows that the mortality experience is highly inhomogeneous across states in terms of respective Age structures. We moreover document multiple divergent trends between best and worst states, between Females and Males, and between younger and older Ages. The comparisons across the 50+ fitted models offer opportunities for rich insights about drivers of mortality in the U.S. and are visualized through numerous figures and an online interactive dashboard.