Subtle behavioral and cognitive symptoms precede schizophrenia (SCZ) and appear in individuals with elevated risk based on polygenic risk scores (SCZ-PRS) and family history of psychosis (SCZ-FH). However, most SCZ-PRS studies focus on European ancestry youth, limiting generalizability. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether SCZ-FH reflects common-variant polygenic risk or broader SCZ liability.

Using baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we investigated associations of SCZ-FH and SCZ-PRS with cognitive, behavioral, and emotional measures from NIH-Toolbox, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS) for 9,636 children (mean age = 9.92 yrs, 47.4% female), specifically, 5,636 European, 2,093 African, and 1,477 Admixed American ancestry individuals.

SCZ-FH was associated with SCZ-PRS (b = 0.05, FDR-p = 0.02) and subthreshold psychotic symptoms (b = 0.46, FDR-p = 0.01) in European youth, higher CBCL scores (b range = 0.36–0.6, FDR-p < 0.001), and higher odds of multiple internalizing and externalizing disorders (OR = 1.10–1.22, FDR-p < 0.001) across ancestries. SCZ-PRS was associated with lower cognition across ancestries (b = −0.43, FDR-p = 0.02), higher CBCL total problems, anxious/depressed, rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors in European youth (b range = 0.16–0.33, FDR-p < 0.04), and depressive disorders in Admixed American youth (OR = 1.37, FDR-p = 0.02). Results remained consistent when SCZ-PRS and SCZ-FH were jointly modeled. Some SCZ-FH associations weakened when income-to-needs was accounted for, suggesting that SCZ-FH may capture both genetic and environmental influences.

SCZ-FH showed associations with broad psychopathology, while SCZ-PRS was associated with cognition and specific symptoms in European youth. Findings highlight their complementary role in SCZ risk assessment and the need to improve PRS utility across ancestries.

To comprehensively investigate the factors associated with tsunami evacuation after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE).

This cross-sectional study conducted a baseline survey between 2013 and 2016 and included 15,935 participants. The participants were asked to self-report whether they had evacuated after the GEJE and their basic characteristics, as well as their socio-behavioral, physical, lifestyle, and mental factors. The objective variable was the presence or absence of tsunami evacuation after the GEJE, and the explanatory variables were comprehensively explored with reference to previous studies.

Factors associated with the promotion of tsunami evacuation included being a woman, age 30-39 years, working, damage to houses, and participation in tsunami or earthquake evacuation drills before the GEJE. Factors associated with the inhibition of tsunami evacuation were over 60 years of age, higher education, living in areas unaffected by the GEJE, having a spouse, living with many cohabitants, having pets such as dogs or cats, and a high level of physical activity.

This study demonstrates the necessity of enhancing the evacuation processes of older adults, cohabitants, and households with pets. It is important to conduct evacuation drills and hold discussions about disasters within families and households.

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), suicide is a major problem. Research on the effectiveness of large-scale suicide prevention interventions is limited.

To test the effectiveness of an integrated intervention (school-based prevention; reducing access to means of suicide; increased identification and management of suicide risk) in reducing deaths by suicide and suicide attempts; and to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of sub-interventions.

In this pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial, 124 villages from Mehsana, India, were randomly assigned to either intervention or control arm. The intervention comprised school-based awareness intervention, community pesticide storage and training of community health workers (CHWs) to recognise, support, refer and follow up people at risk. Intention-to-treat analysis using mixed-effects Poisson regression tested the primary outcome (suicide attempts plus deaths by suicide), and multilevel linear models assessed sub-interventions. The primary outcome was captured through a novel suicide surveillance system.

There was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome between the intervention (54 of 62 consenting villages) and control (62 villages) arms. Separately, the intervention arm showed a 43% reduction in risk of death by suicide at 12 months (suicide rate 30.7 versus 43.6 per 100 000 person-years in intervention versus control arm; incidence rate ratio 0.57, 95% CI: 0.32–1.02, adjusting for baseline and clustering). Most students (≥90%, n = 2330/2560) from 47 schools received the intervention and had lower depression and suicidal ideation than controls at month 3. Nearly all villages (52/54, 96.2%) provided pesticide lockers (n = 8370 households, 88.83% uptake). Compared with controls, CHWs in the intervention arm had significantly higher knowledge, confidence and skills, and identified 108 at-risk individuals.

The intervention increased identification without significantly reducing suicide attempts, but reduced suicide deaths. This trial, involving 116 villages and a multicomponent intervention implemented at scale, advances suicide prevention and complex intervention research, especially in LMICs.

To describe the screening practice of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among nine health organizations in Kentucky.

The Kentucky Antimicrobial Stewardship Innovation Consortium (KASIC) invited its Advisory Board members to share their nasal MRSA PCR protocols and guidelines. The documents were examined to highlight institutional similarities and differences.

Nine health systems, including both community hospitals and academic medical centers, responded to the KASIC request. Most systems with nasal MRSA PCR testing capacity had established protocols or guidelines to support its appropriate use. All institutions recommended nasal MRSA PCR for pneumonia indications while three organizations also used it for non-pneumonia indications. None of these institutions permitted pharmacists to discontinue anti-MRSA antibiotics per protocol.

This study provides the first statewide overview of nasal MRSA PCR screening practices, offering stewardship programs a framework to customize their own protocols and guidelines.