This chapter focuses on the interviewees' attitudes and experiences regarding two phenomena: electoral politics and alternative modes of political participation, such as in civil society associations. While these are two sites for the possible 'passage' from individual to collective subjectivities, they are not the only ones. One of the questions developed in interviews with young people of North African origin related to revendications, or demands. Interviewees were asked if they had any social or political claims and how they positioned themselves socially and culturally in relation to these. A high proportion of interviewees are involved in associations either as volunteers, employees, or as 'users' of the services associations may provide. Associations can be seen as an alternative, more diffuse mode of political participation which may or may not reflect the emergence of a collective actor or movement in the Tourainian sense of the challenging of unequal power relations.

This chapter begins with an outline of the state of Catholicism in Scotland during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a period when persecution, priest shortages and incessant financial hardship plagued church development. It highlights the cultural tension operative between an indigenous Scots clergy and many of the Irish missionaries who, through their common language and shared customs, had formed strong and definitive connections with pockets of faithful in the remote Highlands. The chapter examines the evolution of Catholic relief, the process of repealing the legislation that imposed numerous civil disabilities and restrictions upon Catholics and dissenters, between 1779 and 1829. Collective assertions were welcomed by a Catholic leadership whose growing confidence was helping them to capitalise upon the situation and agitate more publicly for emancipation and social integration.

Chapter 8 provides a comprehensive roadmap for enabling a societal shift toward a sustainable and equitable future. Central to the argument is the need to repurpose the “invisible hand”—a metaphor for systemic incentives that currently reinforce unsustainable behaviors—into a helping force that promotes global well-being. The chapter proposes change at both the individual and institutional levels, encouraging citizens to act within their roles—whether as voters, educators, business leaders, artists, or scientists—to nudge society toward a tipping point. The chapter explores innovative governance models such as an autonomous global climate board, and even suggests taxing extreme wealth or implementing a universal basic income to mitigate inequality and systemic stress. Education and science must shift focus toward actionable, hopeful narratives, while business and media must align incentives with public good. Ultimately, the chapter frames global transformation as possible—if society can collectively shift its worldview and reshape the systems guiding human behavior.

This concluding chapter emphasises the role of ships in migrant journeys and the symbolic importance of the ship as a transporter of people from persecution and exploitation to freedom and acceptance. It summarises the refugee escape to Britain, the role of the Navy in the suppression of slave trade, and the symbolic and political importance of migrant journeys to the British nation.

This chapter focuses on the works of Maura Laverty and Patrick Kavanagh. It first analyses Kavanagh' two versions of the Bildungsroman: his autobiography The Green Fool (1938) and his novel Tarry Flynn (1948). It then compares his works with Maura Laverty, whose works depict sexuality, rural life and Irish underdevelopment. The chapter argues that Laverty's and Kavanagh's youth narratives and their visions of rural Ireland were important innovations in the history of the Irish Bildungsroman.

The end of twentieth century and the beginning of twenty-first century were marked by two phenomena, the increasing production of, and interest in biography and autobiography, alongside an intense (re)engagement with traditional, creative, craft-based labours, particularly cookery and horticulture. The arrival on the booksellers' shelves since 1990 of a number of autobiographic 'escape' narratives is testimony both to the act of migration and the act of writing about it. Richard Sennett claims in The Craftsman 'that the craft of making physical things provides insight into the techniques of experience that can shape our dealings with others'. A recent British Academy debate, Posterity: Present concerns with the future suggested that 'post-war social and economic debacles and looming ecological disaster have bred despair and anomie' and that 'without hope for posterity, life becomes bleak and society self-destructs'.

Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes, a favorite of Louis XIII, died of scarlet fever at about three o'clock on the afternoon of 15 December 1621 at the château of Longuetille near Condom in southwestern France. Luynes was a shrewd politician who controlled the distribution of royal patronage at court. François Du Val, marquis de Fontenay-Mareuil, thought Luynes had little intelligence or ability. A stony-faced Louis XIII saddled up and rode out upon hearing of his favorite's death because he did not wish to show grief in public. Luynes's political enemies, particularly Cardinal Richelieu and his successor Mazarin, were the patrons of contemporary historians, and gave royal pensions to those who portrayed them and their policies in a favorable light. The portrayal of Luynes as a timid, inept bungler originated in the anti-Luynes pamphlets commissioned by the Queen Mother that Richelieu incorporated into his memoirs.

The Epilogue briefly summarizes the results reached in the preceding chapters; highlights the principal six hypotheses of Part I, and the five principal hypotheses of Part II; points out that these hypotheses, being data-supported, should be taken into account in all future work on the undeciphered Aegean scripts, at least until such time as we have data-supported reasons for doing otherwise; but nevertheless exhorts the reader for a final time to regard these hypotheses as what they are: hypotheses, not supposed proof of what they hypothesize.

This chapter explores the multiple determinants of the television actors' agency and creativity. The science fiction genre poses unique challenges for actors. The chapter focuses on the two best-known captains, William Shatner, James Kirk in the original Star Trek and Patrick Stewart, Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation, supplementing the analysis with discussions of Trek actors. Genre seems a particularly strong determinant of television performance style, science fiction requiring actors to suit their interpretations to the oft-times larger-than-life nature of the text. But genre must be considered in conjunction with those determinants of television acting: time, the actor's status within the cast, the visual nature of the medium and input from other creative personnel. Stewart and Marina Sirtis adapted to acting science fiction by believing in the universe and making it believable for their viewers, but other actors never feel at ease in the science fiction genre.