Finite element modeling starts by building up a geometric model of the problem. In this chapter, we first discuss the building blocks needed to generate a general 3D geometrical model. This process is very similar to geometric modeling in computer-aided design (CAD) programs, but most FE programs have their own preprocessing and 3D modeling capabilities. The second major step in modeling is to identify the problem type and the proper elements to be used. The FE modeling is realized by the general classification of problems into: truss, beam and frame; two-dimensional; shell and plate; and three-dimensional solid. We provide a brief discussion of the elements to be used in each category, their general capabilities and DOFs. Attention is then focused on important modeling issues and hints; the utilization of symmetry; boundary conditions; mesh intensity; support modeling; lumped and consistent load; and modeling with different types of elements. Finally, a brief discussion of model checking and general modeling hints are provided.
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