Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is based on the science of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Magnetic resonance states that certain atomic nuclei (such as the protons in water molecules) can absorb and emit radio-frequency energy when placed in an external magnetic field. The emitted energy is proportional to important physical properties of a material such as proton density. Therefore in physics and chemistry, magnetic resonance is an important method for studying structures of chemical substances, and its discoverers were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952.
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