Remember the basic problem of classical electrodynamics: we have a collection of charges q1,q2,q3,… (the “source” charges), and we want to calculate the force they exert on some other charge Q (the “test” charge – Fig. 2.1). According to the principle of superposition, it is sufficient to find the force of a single source charge – the total is then the vector sum of all the individual forces.
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