In this chapter, we discuss the concepts of baseband and passband representations of signals and the mechanisms for moving between these two forms by using up-and down-conversion. We describe multiple up- and down-conversion approaches, such as digital-only, direct, superheterodyne, and digital intermediate frequency (IF). We discuss the components used to move between baseband and passband representation: analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters (ADC and DAC, respectively), and frequency synthesizers.
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